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American Journal of Psychiatry

Volume 154, Issue 12

December 1997

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Editorial

December 1997

Editorial: What Shape Are We In? Gender, Psychopathology, and the Brain

Nancy C. Andreasen, M.D., Ph.D.

Pages:1636–1639
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1636

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Images in Neuroscience

December 1997

Images in Neuroscience: Clinical Genetics, VI : and in Complex Genetic Diseases

Alan R. Sanders, M.D., and
Elliot S. Gershon, M.D.

Page:1640
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1640

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Special Article

December 1997

Psychopathology in Women and Men: Focus on Female Hormones

Mary V. Seeman, M.D.

Pages:1641–1647
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1641

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OBJECTIVE: The goal of this overview is to examine male/female differences in psychopathology in light of the known effects of gonadal steroids, especially estradiol, on neural function. METHOD: The epidemiology of specific psychopathological syndromes is ...

Regular Article

December 1997

Sex Differences in Brain Morphology in Schizophrenia

Peg Nopoulos, M.D.,
Michael Flaum, M.D., and
Nancy C. Andreasen, M.D., Ph.D.

Pages:1648–1654
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1648

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OBJECTIVE: The current literature on sex differences in schizophrenia with regard to structural brain abnormalities is inconsistent. Several studies have suggested that male and female patients may differ in severity of brain abnormalities. Efforts to ...

December 1997

Sex-Specific Expression of Heschl's Gyrus Functional and Structural Abnormalities in Paranoid Schizophrenia

Donald C. Rojas, Ph.D.,
Peter Teale, M.S.E.E.,
Jeanelle Sheeder, B.A.,
Jack Simon, M.D., Ph.D., and
Martin Reite, M.D.

Pages:1655–1662
Published Online:15 January 2015

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1655

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OBJECTIVE: Evidence supports abnormal temporal lobe structure and function in schizophrenia. Some abnormalities, particularly involving the auditory cortex, appear to be sex specific. These findings were extended to anatomical and physiological ...

December 1997

Quantitative Morphology of the Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia

Leslie K. Jacobsen, M.D.,
Jay N. Giedd, M.D.,
Patrick C. Berquin, M.D.,
Amy L. Krain, B.A.,
Susan D. Hamburger, M.A., M.S.,
Sanjiv Kumra, M.D., and
Judith L. Rapoport, M.D.

Pages:1663–1669
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1663

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OBJECTIVE: Studies have suggested that the maldeveloped neural circuitry producing schizophrenic symptoms may include the cerebellum. The authors found further support for this hypothesis by examining cerebellar morphology in severely ill children and ...

December 1997

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Dysfunction and Selective Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia: [¹⁵O]H₂O PET Study During Single-Trial Stroop Task Performance

Cameron S. Carter, M.D.,
Mark Mintun, M.D.,
Thomas Nichols, B.S., and
Jonathan D. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D.

Pages:1670–1675
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1670

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OBJECTIVE: Attentional deficits are a prominent aspect of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. The anterior cingulate gyrus is proposed to be an important component of frontal attentional control systems. Structural and functional abnormalities have ...

December 1997

Auditory Hallucinations and the Temporal Cortical Response to Speech in Schizophrenia: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Peter W.R. Woodruff, M.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych.,
Ian C. Wright, M.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych.,
Edward T. Bullmore, Ph.D., M.R.C.Psych.,
Michael Brammer, Ph.D.,
Robert J. Howard, M.D., M.R.C.Psych.,
Steven C.R. Williams, Ph.D.,
Jane Shapleske, M.R.C.Psych.,
Susan Rossell, B.Sc.,
Anthony S. David, M.D., M.R.C.Psych.,
Philip K. McGuire, M.D., M.R.C.Psych., and
Robin M. Murray, D.Sc., F.R.C.Psych.

Pages:1676–1682
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1676

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OBJECTIVE: The authors explored whether abnormal functional lateralization of temporal cortical language areas in schizophrenia was associated with a predisposition to auditory hallucinations and whether the auditory hallucinatory state would reduce the ...

December 1997

Synaptic Elimination, Neurodevelopment, and the Mechanism of Hallucinated “Voices” in Schizophrenia

Ralph E. Hoffman, M.D., and
Thomas H. McGlashan, M.D.

Pages:1683–1689
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1683

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OBJECTIVE: After peaking during childhood, synaptic density in the human frontal cortex declines by 30%–40% during adolescence because of progressive elimination of synaptic connections. The characteristic age at onset of schizophrenia—late adolescence ...

December 1997

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Functioning and Quality of Life Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Male Vietnam Veterans

Douglas F. Zatzick, M.D.,
Charles R. Marmar, M.D.,
Daniel S. Weiss, Ph.D.,
Warren S. Browner, M.D., M.P.H.,
Thomas J. Metzler, M.A.,
Jacqueline M. Golding, Ph.D.,
Anita Stewart, Ph.D.,
William E. Schlenger, Ph.D., and
Kenneth B. Wells, M.D, M.P.H.

Pages:1690–1695
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1690

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OBJECTIVE: Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent and often chronic condition, the relationship between PTSD and functioning and quality of life remains incompletely understood. METHOD: The authors undertook an archival ...

December 1997

One-Year Follow-Up of Survivors of a Mass Shooting

Carol S. North, M.D., M.P.E.,
Elizabeth M. Smith, Ph.D., and
Edward L. Spitznagel, Ph.D.

Pages:1696–1702
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1696

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OBJECTIVE: This report describes a 1-year follow-up study of survivors of a mass shooting incident. Acute-phase data from this incident were previously reported in this journal. METHOD: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement was used to ...

December 1997

Objective Documentation of Child Abuse and Dissociation in 12 Murderers With Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dorothy Otnow Lewis, M.D.,
Catherine A. Yeager, M.A.,
Yael Swica, B.A.,
Jonathan H. Pincus, M.D., and
Melvin Lewis, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.Psych., D.C.H.

Pages:1703–1710
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1703

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OBJECTIVE: The skepticism regarding the existence of dissociative identity disorder as well as the abuse that engenders it persists for lack of objective documentation. This is doubly so for the disorder in murderers because of issues of suspected ...

December 1997

Seasonal Variation in the Occurrence of Homicide in Finland

Jari Tiihonen, M.D., Ph.D.,
Pirkko Räsänen, M.D., Ph.D., and
Helinä Hakko, M.Sc.

Pages:1711–1714
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1711

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OBJECTIVE: Although seasonal variation in impulsive aggression related to circannual rhythms of central serotonin neurotransmission is a topic of current interest, there is little firm knowledge on seasonality in the occurrence of homicide. Longitudinal ...

December 1997

Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder Associated With Suicidal Behavior

Beth S. Brodsky, Ph.D.,
Kevin M. Malone, M.D.,
Steven P. Ellis, Ph.D.,
Rebecca A. Dulit, M.D., and
J. John Mann, M.D.

Pages:1715–1719
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1715

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OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between characteristics of borderline personality disorder and suicidal behavior. The authors hypothesized that a specific feature of borderline personality disorder, impulsivity, and childhood trauma, a ...

December 1997

HIV Seroprevalence Among Suicide Victims in New York City, 1991–1993

Peter M. Marzuk, M.D.,
Kenneth Tardiff, M.D., M.P.H.,
Andrew C. Leon, Ph.D.,
Charles S. Hirsch, M.D.,
Nancy Hartwell, M.A.,
Laura Portera, M.S., and
M. Irfan Iqbal, B.A.

Pages:1720–1725
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1720

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OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine the HIV seroprevalence among suicide victims in New York City. METHOD: All suicides of city residents from 1991 through 1993 were studied. The crude proportion of all suicide victims who were HIV positive and the ...

December 1997

Clinical and Methodological Factors Related to Reliability of the Best-Estimate Diagnostic Procedure

M.-A. Roy, M.D.,
G. Lanct"t, M.D.,
C. Macute;rette, Ph.D.,
D. Cliche, M.D.,
J.P. Fournier, M.D.,
P. Boutin, M.Ps.,
C. Rodrigue, B.Sc.,
L. Charron, B.Sc.,
M. Turgeon,
M. Hamel, M.Sc.,
N. Montgrain, M.D.,
L. Nicole, M.D.,
A. Piracute;s, M.D.,
H. Wallot, M.D.,
A.-M Ponton, M.D.,
Y. Garneau, M.D.,
C. Dion, M.D.,
J.-C. Lavallée, M.D.,
A. Potvin, M.D.,
P. Szatmari, M.D., F.R.C.P., and
M. Maziade, M.D.

Pages:1726–1733
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1726

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OBJECTIVE: The reliability and accuracy of the best-estimate diagnostic procedure were examined, and factors associated with reliability were determined. METHOD: The subjects were 134 members of large multigenerational pedigrees densely affected by ...

December 1997

Mental Disorders and Disability Among Patients in a Primary Care Group Practice

Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H.,
Bruce Fireman, M.A.,
Myrna M. Weissman, Ph.D.,
Andrew C. Leon, Ph.D.,
David V. Sheehan, M.D., M.B.A.,
Roger G. Kathol, M.D.,
Christina Hoven, Dr.P.H., and
Leslie Farber, Ph.D.

Pages:1734–1740
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1734

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OBJECTIVE: This article examines social and occupational disability associated with several DSM-IV mental disorders in a group of adult primary care outpatients. METHOD: The subjects were 1,001 primary care patients (aged 18–70 years) in a large health ...

December 1997

Premenstrual Syndrome: Evidence for Symptom Stability Across Cycles

Miki Bloch, M.D.,
Peter J. Schmidt, M.D., and
David R. Rubinow, M.D.

Pages:1741–1746
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1741

Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: This study assessed cycle to cycle symptom stability in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). METHOD: Symptom ratings obtained prospectively over three or more symptomatic cycles from 16 women with PMS were analyzed. Measures of symptom ...

Clinical Case Conference

December 1997

Evaluation of a Complex Case: The Value of a Drug Washout Period

Jayendra K. Patel, M.D.,
Alan I. Green, M.D.,
Anthony Kalinowski, Ph.D., and
Ming T. Tsuang, M.D., Ph.D.

Pages:1747–1750
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1747

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Images in Psychiatry

December 1997

Images in Psychiatry: The Payne Whitney Clinic

George J. Makari, M.D., and
Robert Michels, M.D.

Page:1751
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1751

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Brief Report

December 1997

Mood Improvement Following Daily Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Depression: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

Mark S. George, M.D.,
Eric M. Wassermann, M.D.,
Tim A. Kimbrell, M.D.,
John T. Little, M.D.,
Wendol E. Williams, M.D.,
Aimee L. Danielson, B.A.,
Benjamin D. Greenberg, M.D., Ph.D.,
Mark Hallett, M.D., and
Robert M. Post, M.D.

Pages:1752–1756
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1752

Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: Preliminary studies have indicated that daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation might have antidepressant activity. The authors sought to confirm this finding by using a double-blind crossover design. METHOD: Twelve ...

December 1997

Sexual Functioning in Chronically Depressed Patients Treated With SSRI Antidepressants: A Pilot Study

Lisa A. Piazza, M.D.,
John C. Markowitz, M.D.,
James H. Kocsis, M.D.,
Andrew C. Leon, Ph.D.,
Laura Portera, M.S.,
Nina L. Miller, Ph.D., and
Douglas Adler, M.D.

Pages:1757–1759
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1757

Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: This prospective study assessed changes in depression and sexual functioning in chronically depressed men and women during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHOD: Twenty-five subjects (14 women, 11 men) with DSM-...

December 1997

Emergence of Adverse Events Following Discontinuation of Treatment With Extended-Release Venlafaxine

Maurizio Fava, M.D.,
Rosemarie Mulroy, B.A.,
Jonathan Alpert, M.D., Ph.D.,
Andrew A. Nierenberg, M.D., and
Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, M.D.

Pages:1760–1762
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1760

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OBJECTIVE: The rate of adverse events following discontinuation of treatment with extended-release venlafaxine was compared with the rate associated with discontinuation of placebo administration. METHOD: The subjects were 20 outpatients with major ...

December 1997

Plasma Levels of Cytokines and Soluble Cytokine Receptors During Treatment With Haloperidol

Thomas Pollmauml;cher, M.D.,
Dunja Hinze-Selch,, M.D.,
Thomas Fenzel, M.D.,
Thomas Kraus, M.D.,
Andreas Schuld, M.D., and
Janet Mullington, Ph.D.

Pages:1763–1765
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1763

Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: Clozapine increases the levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors. The authors investigated whether haloperidol has similar effects. METHOD: Rectal temperature, white blood cell counts, and plasma levels of cytokines and soluble ...

December 1997

Self-Reported Anxiety, General Medical Conditions, and Disability Bed Days

Steven C. Marcus, M.A.,
Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H.,
Harold Alan Pincus, M.D.,
M. Katherine Shear, M.D., and
Deborah A. Zarin, M.D.

Pages:1766–1768
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1766

Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of self-reported anxiety on the number of days persons with various general medical conditions spend in bed owing to disability. METHOD: Self-reported medical illness and disability data from a nationally ...

December 1997

Dispositional Predictors of Problem Gambling in Male Adolescents

Frank Vitaro, Ph.D.,
Louise Arseneault, M.A., and
Richard E. Tremblay, Ph.D.

Pages:1769–1770
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1769

Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the possible relationship between impulsivity in early adolescence and gambler status in late adolescence. METHOD: Impulsivity measures consisting of self-reports and teacher ratings were gathered from 754 boys in early ...

December 1997

CSF 5-HIAA and Family History of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Newborns

John N. Constantino, M.D.,
Jennifer A. Morris, B.A., and
Dennis L. Murphy, M.D.

Pages:1771–1773
Published Online:1 December 1997

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1771

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OBJECTIVE: The relationship between genetic liability for antisocial behavior and CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in newborns was explored. METHOD: The authors assayed 5-HIAA in “leftover” CSF from 193 neurologically normal newborns and obtained ...

Book Forum

December 1997

Pages:1774–1789
Published Online:15 January 2015

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1774

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Letter to the Editor

December 1997

Letters to the Editor

Pages:1790–1794
Published Online:15 January 2015

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.12.1790

First Page
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