The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has updated its Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, including with new information specifically addressed to individuals in the European Economic Area. As described in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, this website utilizes cookies, including for the purpose of offering an optimal online experience and services tailored to your preferences.

Please read the entire Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. By closing this message, browsing this website, continuing the navigation, or otherwise continuing to use the APA's websites, you confirm that you understand and accept the terms of the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, including the utilization of cookies.

×
No Access

Problem behaviors and peer interactions of young children with a manic- depressive parent

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.141.2.236

By the age of 2 years, children with a manic-depressive parent were already found to be experiencing substantial psychiatric problems. The authors examined the ways in which these early problems then become embedded in social relationships. Naturalistic observations and experimental manipulations of the emotional environment were used to measure 2-year-old children's regulation of emotion, aggression, and altruism during peer interactions. Children with a manic-depressive parent had difficulty in sharing with their friends and in handling hostility, showing maladaptive patterns of aggression. The social and emotional problems of these children were similar to the interpersonal problems of their manic-depressive parents.

Access content

To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access.