Am J Psychiatry 94:577-585, November 1937
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.94.3.577
© 1937 American Psychiatric Association
THE BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN RECEIVING BENZEDRINE
Charles Bradley M. D.1
1 East Providence, R. I.
The psychological reactions of 30 behavior problem children who received benzedrine sulfate for one week were observed. There was a spectacular improvement in school performance in half of the children. A large proportion of the patients became emotionally subdued without, however, losing interest in their surroundings. A variety of other definite behavior changes were also noted. Dosage, unfavorable responses, and duration of effect of the drug are discussed, and it is suggested that its use in the treatment of children with behavior disorders be supervised by physicians trained in child psychiatry.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
G. Bates
Drug treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in young people
Advan. Psychiatr. Treat.,
May 1, 2009;
15(3):
162 - 171.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Smith
Roy Porter Student Essay Prize Winner * Psychiatry Limited: Hyperactivity and the Evolution of American Psychiatry, 1957-1980
Soc Hist Med,
December 1, 2008;
21(3):
541 - 559.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bromley and J. T. Braslow
Teaching Critical Thinking in Psychiatric Training: A Role for the Social Sciences
Am J Psychiatry,
November 1, 2008;
165(11):
1396 - 1401.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Ryan, R. Reid, and C. Ellis
Special Educators' Knowledge Regarding Psychotropic Interventions for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Remedial and Special Education,
September 1, 2008;
29(5):
269 - 279.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Focus,
June 1, 2008;
6(3):
401 - 426.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V A Harpin
Medication options when treating children and adolescents with ADHD: interpreting the NICE guidance 2006
Arch. Dis. Child. Ed. Pract.,
April 1, 2008;
93(2):
58 - 65.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Mayes and A. Rafalovich
Suffer the restless children: the evolution of ADHD and paediatric stimulant use, 1900-80.
History of Psychiatry,
December 1, 2007;
18(72 Pt 4):
435 - 457.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. E. Arnold, R. L. Lindsay, F. A. Lopez, S. E. Jacob, J. Biederman, R. L. Findling, and Y. Ramadan
Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With a Stimulant Transdermal Patch: The Clinical Art
Pediatrics,
November 1, 2007;
120(5):
1100 - 1106.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Advokat
Literature Review: Update on Amphetamine Neurotoxicity and Its Relevance to the Treatment of ADHD
J Atten Disord,
July 1, 2007;
11(1):
8 - 16.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Reese, J. R. Bunzow, S. Arttamangkul, M. S. Sonders, and D. K. Grandy
Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Displays Species-Dependent Stereoselectivity for Isomers of Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, and Para-Hydroxyamphetamine
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
April 1, 2007;
321(1):
178 - 186.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Scheffler, S. P. Hinshaw, S. Modrek, and P. Levine
The Global Market For ADHD Medications
Health Aff.,
March 1, 2007;
26(2):
450 - 457.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Barkley
The relevance of the still lectures to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a commentary.
J Atten Disord,
November 1, 2006;
10(2):
137 - 140.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Wigal and T. L. Wigal
The laboratory school protocol: its origin, use, and new applications.
J Atten Disord,
August 1, 2006;
10(1):
92 - 111.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Martin
The Hard Work of Growing Up With ADHD
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 2005;
162(9):
1575 - 1577.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Wigal, J. J. McGough, J. T. McCracken, J. Biederman, T. J. Spencer, K. L. Posner, T. L. Wigal, S. H. Kollins, T. M. Clark, D. A. Mays, et al.
A Laboratory School Comparison of Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release (Adderall XR(R)) and Atomoxetine (Strattera(R)) in School-Aged Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
J Atten Disord,
August 1, 2005;
9(1):
275 - 289.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. B. Schuck and F. M. Crinella
Why Children with ADHD Do Not Have Low IQs
J Learn Disabil,
June 1, 2005;
38(3):
262 - 280.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Newton-Howes
What happens when children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder grow up?
J R Soc Med,
November 1, 2004;
97(11):
531 - 535.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. L. Greenhill, S. Pliszka, M. K. Dulcan, W. Bernet, V. Arnold, J. Beitchman, R. S. Benson, O. Bukstein, J. Kinlan, J. McClellan, et al.
Practice Parameter for the Use of Stimulant Medications in the Treatment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Focus,
October 1, 2004;
2(4):
642 - 668.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Zwi and A. York
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: validity unknown
Advan. Psychiatr. Treat.,
July 1, 2004;
10(4):
248 - 256.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Schmitz, P. Filippone, and E. M. Edelman
Social Representations of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, 1988-1997
Culture Psychology,
December 1, 2003;
9(4):
383 - 406.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Stein, C. S. Sarampote, I. D. Waldman, A. S. Robb, C. Conlon, P. L. Pearl, D. O. Black, K. E. Seymour, and J. H. Newcorn
A Dose-Response Study of OROS Methylphenidate in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Pediatrics,
November 1, 2003;
112(5):
e404 - 404.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. Harel and W. D. Brown
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Elementary School Children in Rhode Island: Associated Psychosocial Factors and Medications Used
Clinical Pediatrics,
July 1, 2003;
42(6):
497 - 503.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Spencer
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Arch Neurol,
February 1, 2002;
59(2):
314 - 316.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From the Editor
J Atten Disord,
January 1, 2000;
3(4):
173 - 191.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Elia, P. J. Ambrosini, and J. L. Rapoport
Treatment of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
N. Engl. J. Med.,
March 11, 1999;
340(10):
780 - 788.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Gainetdinov, W. C. Wetsel, S. R. Jones, E. D. Levin, M. Jaber, and M. G. Caron
Role of Serotonin in the Paradoxical Calming Effect of Psychostimulants on Hyperactivity
Science,
January 15, 1999;
283(5400):
397 - 401.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. HILL
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Arch. Dis. Child.,
November 1, 1998;
79(5):
381 - 384.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charles Bradley, M.D., 1902–1979
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 1998;
155(7):
968 - 968.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S. Goldman, M. Genel, R. J. Bezman, P. J. Slanetz, and for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Me
Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
JAMA,
April 8, 1998;
279(14):
1100 - 1107.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wigal, J. M. Swanson, V. I. Douglas, S. B. Wigal, C. M. Wippler, and K. F. Cavoto
Effect of Reinforcement on Facial Responsivity and Persistence in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Behav Modif,
April 1, 1998;
22(2):
143 - 166.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Efron, F. Jarman, and M. Barker
Side Effects of Methylphenidate and Dexamphetamine in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Double-blind, Crossover Trial
Pediatrics,
October 1, 1997;
100(4):
662 - 666.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Wolraich and A. Baumgaertel
The Practical Aspects of Diagnosing and Managing Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Clinical Pediatrics,
September 1, 1997;
36(9):
497 - 504.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gillberg, H. Melander, A.-L. von Knorring, L.-O. Janols, G. Thernlund, B. Hagglof, L. Eidevall-Wallin, P. Gustafsson, and S. Kopp
Long-term Stimulant Treatment of Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
September 1, 1997;
54(9):
857 - 864.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.G. Klein and H. Abikoff
Behavior therapy and methylphenidate in the treatment of children with ADHD
J Atten Disord,
July 1, 1997;
2(2):
89 - 114.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.C. Miller, V. Kavcic, and J.E. Leslie
ERP changes induced by methylphenidate in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
J Atten Disord,
August 1, 1996;
1(2):
95 - 113.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Zametkin
Attention-Deficit Disorder: Born to Be Hyperactive?
JAMA,
June 21, 1995;
273(23):
1871 - 1874.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Weinberg and R. A. Brumback
The Myth of Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder: Symptoms Resulting from Multiple Causes
J Child Neurol,
October 1, 1992;
7(4):
431 - 445.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Rapport
Introduction: Treating Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Behav Modif,
April 1, 1992;
16(2):
155 - 163.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Swanson, D. Cantwell, M. Lerner, K. McBurnett, and G. Hanna
Effects of Stimulant Medication on Learning in Children with ADHD
J Learn Disabil,
April 1, 1991;
24(4):
219 - 230.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Bowen, T. Fenton, and L. Rappaport
Stimulant Medication and Attention Deficit--Hyperactivity Disorder: The Child's Perspective
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
March 1, 1991;
145(3):
291 - 295.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. A. Weinberg and G. J. Emslie
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Differential Diagnosis
J Child Neurol,
January 1, 1991;
6(1_suppl):
S23 - S36.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. K. Laird and J. J. Saklad
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Journal of Pharmacy Practice,
January 1, 1990;
3(4):
241 - 251.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Silver
A Review of the Current Controversial Approaches for Treating Learning Disabilities
J Learn Disabil,
October 1, 1987;
20(8):
498 - 504.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Silver
Controversial Approaches to Treating Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Disorder
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
October 1, 1986;
140(10):
1045 - 1052.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Epstein, D. Cullinan, and K. D. Gadow
Teacher Ratings of Hyperactivity in Learning-Disabled, Emotionally Disturbed, and Mentally Retarded Children
Journal of Special Education,
July 1, 1986;
20(2):
219 - 229.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Gadow
Effects of Stimulant Drugs on Academic Performance in Hyperactive and Learning Disabled Children
J Learn Disabil,
May 1, 1983;
16(5):
290 - 299.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Aman
Psychotropic Drugs and Learning Problems--A Selective Review
J Learn Disabil,
February 1, 1980;
13(2):
87 - 97.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Varga
The Hyperactive Child: Should We Be Paying More Attention?
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
April 1, 1979;
133(4):
413 - 418.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Shaywitz, J. H. Klopper, and J. W. Gordon
Methylphenidate in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Developing Rat Pups: Effects on Activity and Maze Performance
Arch Neurol,
July 1, 1978;
35(7):
463 - 469.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Swanson and M Kinsbourne
Stimulant-related state-dependent learning in hyperactive children
Science,
June 25, 1976;
192(4246):
1354 - 1357.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Murray
Is There a Role for the Teacher in the Use of Medication for Hyperkinetics?
J Learn Disabil,
January 1, 1976;
9(1):
30 - 35.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. W. Braud, M. N. Lupin, and W. G. Braud
The Use of Electromyographic Biofeedback in the Control of Hyperactivity
J Learn Disabil,
August 1, 1975;
8(7):
420 - 425.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Weithorn and R. Ross
Who Monitors Medication?
J Learn Disabil,
August 1, 1975;
8(7):
458 - 461.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Feinberg, S. Hibi, M. Braun, C. Cavness, G. Westerman, and A. Small
Sleep Amphetamine Effects in MBDS and Normal Subjects
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
November 1, 1974;
31(5):
723 - 731.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Denhoff
The Best Management of Learning Disabilities Calls for Pediatric Skills of a Special Sort: But It Takes More than Six Easy Lessons To Do the Job
Clinical Pediatrics,
August 1, 1973;
12(8):
427 - 440.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Solomons
Guidelines on the Use and Medical Effects of Psychostimulant Drugs in Therapy
J Learn Disabil,
November 1, 1971;
4(9):
470 - 475.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Denhoff, A. Davids, and R. Hawkins
Effects of Dextroamphetamine on Hyperkinetic Children: A Controlled Double Blind Study
J Learn Disabil,
November 1, 1971;
4(9):
491 - 498.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Davids
An Objective Instrument for Assessing Hyperkinesis in Children
J Learn Disabil,
November 1, 1971;
4(9):
499 - 501.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Conrad, E. S. Dworkin, A. Shai, and J. E. Tobiessen
Effects of Amphetamine Therapy and Prescriptive Tutoring on the Behavior and Achievement of Lower Class Hyperactive Children
J Learn Disabil,
November 1, 1971;
4(9):
509 - 517.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Small, S. Hibi, and I. Feinberg
Effects of Dextroamphetamine Sulfate on EEG Sleep Patterns of Hyperactive Children
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 1971;
25(4):
369 - 380.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Fish
The "One Child, One Drug" Myth of Stimulants in Hyperkinesis: Importance of Diagnostic Categories in Evaluating Treatment
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
September 1, 1971;
25(3):
193 - 203.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Lucas and M. Weiss
Methylphenidate Hallucinosis
JAMA,
August 23, 1971;
217(8):
1079 - 1081.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Silver
A Proposed View on the Etiology of the Neurological Learning Disability Syndrome
J Learn Disabil,
March 1, 1971;
4(3):
123 - 133.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. Conners, G. Rothschild, L. Eisenberg, L. S. Schwartz, and E. Robinson
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate in Children With Learning Disorders Children With Learning Disorders: Effects on Perception, Learning and Achievement
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
August 1, 1969;
21(2):
182 - 190.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Denhoff
Editorial
J Learn Disabil,
July 1, 1969;
2(7):
380 - 381.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Millichap
Drugs in Management of Hyperkinetic and Perceptually Handicapped Children
JAMA,
November 11, 1968;
206(7):
1527 - 1530.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Drake Jr.
Clinical and Pathological Findings in a Child with a Developmental Learning Disability
J Learn Disabil,
September 1, 1968;
1(9):
486 - 502.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Stevens, K. Sachdev, and V. Milstein
Behavior Disorders of Childhood and the Electroencephalogram
Arch Neurol,
February 1, 1968;
18(2):
160 - 177.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. Conners, L. Eisenberg, and A. Barcai
Effect of Dextroamphetamine on Children: Studies on Subjects With Learning Disabilities and School Behavior Problems
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 1967;
17(4):
478 - 485.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Freeman
Drug Effects on Learning in Children A Selective Review of the Past Thirty Years
Journal of Special Education,
January 1, 1966;
1(1):
17 - 44.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. F. BURKS
Effects of Amphetamine Therapy on Hyperkinetic Children
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
December 1, 1964;
11(6):
604 - 609.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. CLEMENTS and J. E. PETERS
Minimal Brain Dysfunctions in the School-Age Child: Diagnosis and Treatment
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
March 1, 1962;
6(3):
185 - 197.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. KNOBEL, M. B. WOLMAN, and E. MASON
Hyperkinesis and Organicity in Children
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
September 1, 1959;
1(3):
310 - 321.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. PASAMANICK
ANTICONVULSANT DRUG THERAPY OF BEHAVIOR PROBLEM CHILDREN WITH ABNORMAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS
Arch Neurol Psychiatry,
June 1, 1951;
65(6):
752 - 766.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. W. Shock and H. E. Jones
Chapter III: Mental Development and Performance as Related to Physical and Physiological Factors
Review of Educational Research,
December 1, 1941;
11(5):
531 - 552.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. CUTTS and H. H. JASPER
EFFECT OF BENZEDRINE SULFATE AND PHENOBARBITAL ON BEHAVIOR PROBLEM CHILDREN WITH ABNORMAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS
Arch Neurol Psychiatry,
June 1, 1939;
41(6):
1138 - 1145.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1937
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
