Genome-Wide Association Study of Suicide Attempts in Mood Disorder Patients
- Roy H. Perlis,
M.D., M.Sc. , - Jie Huang,
M.D., M.S., M.P.H. , - Shaun Purcell,
Ph.D. , - Maurizio Fava,
M.D. , - A. John Rush,
M.D. , - Patrick F. Sullivan,
M.D. , - Steven P. Hamilton,
M.D., Ph.D. , - Francis J. McMahon,
M.D. , - Thomas Schulze,
M.D. , - James B. Potash,
M.D., M.P.H. , - Peter P. Zandi,
Ph.D. , - Virginia L. Willour,
Ph.D. , - Brenda W. Penninx,
Ph.D., M.D. , - Dorret I. Boomsma,
Ph.D. , - Nicole Vogelzangs,
Ph.D. , - Christel M. Middeldorp,
M.D., Ph.D. , - Marcella Rietschel,
M.D. , - Markus Nöthen,
Ph.D. , - Sven Cichon,
Ph.D. , - Hugh Gurling,
M.D., M.Phil. , - Nick Bass,
M.D. , - Andrew McQuillin,
Ph.D. , - Marian Hamshere,
Ph.D. , - Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Bipolar Disorder Group,
- Nick Craddock,
M.D., Ph.D. , - Pamela Sklar,
M.D., Ph.D. , and - Jordan W. Smoller,
M.D., Sc.D.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Bipolar Clinic and Research Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; the Departments of Genetics, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.; the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco; the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Division, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.; the Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; the Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University College London Medical School, London; and the Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Objective:
Family and twin studies suggest that liability for suicide attempts is heritable and distinct from mood disorder susceptibility. The authors therefore examined the association between common genomewide variation and lifetime suicide attempts.
Method:
The authors analyzed data on lifetime suicide attempts from genomewide association studies of bipolar I and II disorder as well as major depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder subjects were drawn from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder cohort, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium bipolar cohort, and the University College London cohort. Replication was pursued in the NIMH Genetic Association Information Network bipolar disorder project and a German clinical cohort. Depression subjects were drawn from the Sequential Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression cohort, with replication in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety/Netherlands Twin Register depression cohort.
Results:
Strongest evidence of association for suicide attempt in bipolar disorder was observed in a region without identified genes (rs1466846); five loci also showed suggestive evidence of association. In major depression, strongest evidence of association was observed for a single nucleotide polymorphism in ABI3BP, with six loci also showing suggestive association. Replication cohorts did not provide further support for these loci. However, meta-analysis incorporating approximately 8,700 mood disorder subjects identified four additional regions that met the threshold for suggestive association, including the locus containing the gene coding for protein kinase C-epsilon, previously implicated in models of mood and anxiety.
Conclusions:
The results suggest that inherited risk for suicide among mood disorder patients is unlikely to be the result of individual common variants of large effect. They nonetheless provide suggestive evidence for multiple loci, which merit further investigation.
