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American Journal of Psychiatry

Volume 136, Issue 4B

April 1979

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ARTICLES

April 1979

Editorial: Diverse Research Strategies for Depression and Alcoholism

Morris A. Lipton, Ph.D., M.D.

Pages:497–501
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.497

First Page
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April 1979

Life Events, Coping, Stress, and Depressive Symptomatology

George J. Warheit, PH.D.

Pages:502–507
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.502

Abstract
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The author presents data on the relationships between life events, coping resources, and depressive symptomatology. A probability sample (N =517) was interviewed three years apart. Respondents with high life-event scores had significantly more depressive ...

April 1979

Life Events at the Onset of Bipolar Affective Illness

David L. Dunner, M.D.
Vijayalakshmy Patrick, M.D.
Ronald R. Fieve, M.D.

Pages:508–511
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.508

Abstract
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The authors assessed the occurrence of stressful life events before the initial or subsequent episodes of affective illness in a group of 79 bipolar I manicdepressive patients who were attending a lithium clinic. About half of the patients recalled a life ...

April 1979

Childhood Depression: Interpersonal Interactions and Depressive Phenomena

Irving Philips, M.D.

Pages:511–515
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.511

Abstract
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The author discusses the impact of parental disability, particularly parental depression, on children. Depression in children, which takes differentforms according to the child’s developmental level, may mirror or be a response to similar affect in a ...

April 1979

The Psychopathology of Suicide: A Clinical Model Approach

Jerome A. Motto, M.D.

Pages:516–520
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.516

Abstract
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The author hypothesizes that certan types of persons at high risk for suicide constitute definable clinical models, that the process of arriving at a suicidal outcome involves elements unique to each model, and that these elements can be considered ...

April 1979

Depression Simulating Organic Brain Disease

Jesse O. Cavenar, M.D.
Allan A. Maltbie, M.D.
Linda Austin, M.D.

Pages:521–523
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.521

Abstract
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The authors report four cases of depression manifesting as organic brain syndrome in adult nongeriatric patients. The correct diagnoses in three cases were made by a psychiatrist’s or resident’s empathic response to the patient, and in the fourth by the ...

April 1979

Depression in the Wives of Nuclear Submarine Personnel

Karen Beckman
Anthony J. Marsella, PH.D.
Ruth Finney, PH.D.

Pages:524–526
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.524

Abstract
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The authors compared levels of depression among 24 wives of nuclear submarine personnel under conditions of husband-presence and husband-absence in a crossover research design. The wives had significantly higher depression scores under conditions of ...

April 1979

Depression in Viet Nam Veterans and Civilian Controls

John E. Helzer, M.D.
Lee N. Robins, PH.D.
Eric Wish, PH.D.
Michl Hesselbrock, M.S.W.

Pages:526–529
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.526

Abstract
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In order to investigate the long-term psychological consequences of Viet Nam combat, the authors located and personally interviewed a group of 571 randomly selected Viet Nam veterans and 284 matched civilian controls 3 years after the veterans returned to ...

April 1979

Depressed Mood and Subsequent Physical Illness

Evelyn L. Goldberg, SC.D.
George W. Comstock, M.D., DR.P.H.
Robijn K. Hornstra, M.D.

Pages:530–534
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.530

Abstract
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The authors describe the results of a matched case-control analysis in which 82 pairs of subjects were selected from a large-scale community study carried out in two general populations. Cases were those of persons hospitalized during an interval between ...

April 1979

Depression: New Evidence in Support of Biological Differentiation

Paul E. Garfinkel, M.D.
Jerry J. Warsh, M.D., PH.D.
Harvey C. Stancer, PH.D., M.D.

Pages:535–539
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.535

Abstract
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The authors studied monoamine metabolism in patients with bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar depressive illness and in normal control subjects under strict dietary conditions before and during administration of carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase ...

April 1979

Physical Activity and Plasma Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Levels in Manic-Depressive Patients and Healthy Adults

Eleftherios Lykouras, M.D.
Evangelos Garelis, M.D.
Eleftheria Varsou, M.D.
Costas N. Stefanis, M.D.

Pages:540–542
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.540

Abstract
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Intense exercise for one hour induced a significant increase in plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in 5 healthy volunteers. In 44 manic-depressive patients, cAMP levels correlated more strongly with mood ratings than with activity scores. The ...

April 1979

The 24-Hour Dexamethasone Suppression Test in a Clinical Setting: Relationship to Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Response to Treatment

Walter Armin Brown, M.D.
Robert Johnston, B.M., B.CH., M.P.H.
Demmie Mayfield, M.D.

Pages:543–547
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.543

Abstract
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Of 54 male psychiatric patients undergoing dexamethasone suppression tests in a clinical setting, 40% of those with a major depressive disorder showed escape from suppression over the 24 hours after dexamethasone administration, while all of the patients ...

April 1979

Facial Muscle Electromyography in Depressed and Nondepressed Hospitalized Subjects: A Partial Replication

Donald Oliveau, M.D.
Ragon Willmuth, M.D.

Pages:548–550
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.548

Abstract
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Imagining happy events, sad events, and the events of a typical day led to measurable electromyographic (EMG) changes in the corrugator muscle of the face in both depressed and nondepressed subjects. The depressed and nondepressed subjects could not be ...

April 1979

Diagnosis and Lithium Treatment of Affective Disorder in the Retarded: Five Case Studies

Timothy M. Rivinus, M.D.
Jerold S. Harmatz

Pages:551–554
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.551

Abstract
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The authors report on five institutionalized retarded patients who had symptoms strongly suggestive of manic-depressive illness and who showed significant symptom reduction in a single-blind placebocontrolled three-year trial of lithium. The number of ...

April 1979

The Efficacy of Drugs and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Depressive Episodes

Myrna M. Weissman, PH.D.
Brigitte A. Prusoff, PH.D.
Alberto Dimascio, PH.D.
Carlos Neu, M.D.
Mahesh Goklaney, M.D.
Gerald L. Klerman, M.D.

Pages:555–558
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555

Abstract
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The efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants and various psychotherapies, in comparison with one another or in combination, has not been fully established in randomized clinical trials. The authors present a randomized controlled trial comparing the ...

April 1979

Depression Treated with Imipramine and ECT: The DeCarolis Study Reconsidered

David Avery, M.D.
Aldo Lubrano, M.D.

Pages:559–562
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.559

Abstract
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The authors reevaluate a large prospective Italian study (437 patients) that compared high-dose imipramine with ECT treatment in the treatment of depression, The superiority of ECT was evident among patients with endogenous depression, and especially ...

April 1979

Lithium Maintenance: Factors Affecting Outcome

James H. Kocsis, M.D.
Peter E. Stokes, M.D.

Pages:563–566
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.563

Abstract
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The authors reviewed the charts of 61 manic-depressive outpatients maintained on lithium for 6–75 months for relationships between clinical outcome and various demographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables. Good outcome (50% reduction in episode ...

April 1979

The Delineation of an MMPI Symptom Pattern Unique to Lithium Responders

Fred A. Steinberg, PH.D.

Pages:567–569
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.567

Abstract
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The author attempted to determine whether the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) would be sensitive to a symptom pattern unique to lithium-responsive patients regardless of diagnosis. Statistical analyses of the MMPI scores of lithium ...

April 1979

Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia and Mania with RBC Lithium Determinations

Larry Ereshefsky, PHARM.D.
Terry N. Rubin, PHARM.D.
Stephen Friedman, M.D.

Pages:570–573
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.570

Abstract
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The authors report the usefulness of RBC lithium determinations in managing the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. They present a case report in which manic manifestations and tardive dyskinesia symptoms paralleled the rise and fall of RBC lithium and ...

April 1979

Exacerbation of Psychosis by Tricyclic Antidepressants in Delusional Depression

J. Craig Nelson, M.D.
Malcolm B. Bowers, M.D.
Donald R. Sweeney, M.D.

Pages:574–576
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.574

Abstract
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The authors describe three patients with delusional unipolar depression whose delusional thinking worsened markedly following administration of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. The patients had met Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive episode ...

April 1979

A Possible Cardiovascular Effect of Lithium

Robert H. Belmaker, M.D.
Rachel Lehrer
Richard P. Ebstein, PH.D.
Haya Lettik
Sol Kugelmass, PH.D.

Pages:577–579
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.577

Abstract
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Heart rate rises associated with performance of mental arithmetic tasks were compared in 22 euthymic manic-depressive patients receiving lithium carbonate and 17 drug-free normal controls. The lithium-treated subjects showed a markedly lower heart rate ...

April 1979

The Quantitative Measurement of Depression and Anxiety in Male Alcoholics

John E. Hamm, M.D.
Leslie F. Major, M.D.
Gerald L. Brown, M.D.

Pages:580–582
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.580

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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Depression and anxiety have been reported to be commonly associated with alcoholism. Most attempts to clarify this relationship have suffered from a patient selection bias in that only those alcoholics who sought treatment were studied. The authors ...

April 1979

Bipolar Illness: Factors in Drinking Behavior

David L. Dunner, M.D.
Bruce M. Hensel
Ronald R. Fieve, M.D.

Pages:583–585
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.583

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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Alcohol use and abuse was investigated in 73 patients with bipolar I manic-depressive illness who were attending a lithium clinic. Alcohol-related problems were identified in 7 of the male and none of the female patients. Family data revealed a higher ...

April 1979

Are All Recently Detoxified Alcoholics Depressed?

Martin H. Keeler, M.D.
Inga Taylor, M.D.
William C. Miller, M.D.

Pages:586–588
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.586

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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Reports of the prevalence of depression among alcoholics vary from 3% to 98%; the authors attribute this variation to the use of different diagnostic criteria. They used clinical diagnosis, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Zung Self-Rating ...

April 1979

Family Rituals and the Recurrence of Alcoholism Over Generations

Steven J. Wolin, M.D.
Linda A. Bennett, PH.D.
Denise L. Noonan

Pages:589–593
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.589

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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There have been relatively few attempts to identify environmental factors in the transmission of alcoholism across generations. Using the framework of family systems theory, the authors examined the extent of change in family rituals in 25 families in ...

April 1979

Short-Term Spatial Memory Deficits in Men Arrested for Driving While Intoxicated

Eric W. Fine, M.D.
Robert A. Steer, ED.D.

Pages:594–597
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.594

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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In the light of the fact that ethyl alcohol can cause damage to the brain, especially in the area of motor control, a study of the incidence of alcohol-related neuropsychological impairment in individuals arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) would ...

April 1979

Computerized Transaxial Tomographic and Neuropsychological Evaluations in Chronic Alcoholics and Heroin Abusers

Shirley Y. Hill, PH.D.
Michael A. Mikhael, M.D.

Pages:598–602
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.598

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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Computerized transaxial tomographic (CTT) scans and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery were administered to 42 paid male volunteers (15 chronic alcoholics, 15 heroin abusers, and 12 matched control subjects). CTT scans revealed that only 1 of ...

April 1979

Craving for Alcohol in Sober Alcoholics

Roy J. Mathew, M.D., D.P.M., M.R.C.PSYCH
James L. Claghorn, M.D.
John Largen, M.A.

Pages:603–606
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.603

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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The craving for alcohol experienced by 46 abstinent alcoholics was investigated with a structured interview, a personality inventory (the neuroticism Scale Questionnaire), and a mood state adjective checklist (Profile of Mood States). It was found that ...

April 1979

Drug Abuse Among Alcoholic Women

Marc A. Schuckit, M.D.
Elizabeth R. Morrissey, M.A.

Pages:607–611
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.607

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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Of 293 women in an alcoholic treatment center, two-thirds had received prescriptions for drugs of potential abuse, usually hypnotic and antianxiety drugs. One-third of the women admitted abusing substances; 80% of these subjects got prescriptions for ...

April 1979

Psychiatric Problems in Women Admitted to an Alcoholic Detoxification Center

Marc A. Schuckit, M.D.
Elizabeth R. Morrissey, M.A.

Pages:611–617
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.611

Abstract
PDF/EPUB

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The authors studied 293 consecutive female admissions to a public detoxification facility. One-half had a primary diagnosis of alcoholism; the rest had a primary diagnosis of affective disorder (14%), antisocial personality (14%), drug abuse (6%) or did ...

April 1979

Interpersonal Attractiveness and Clinical Decisions in Alcoholism Treatment

Michael R. O’Leary, PH.D.
Dennis M. Donovan, M.A.
Edmund F. Chaney, PH.D.
Diane E. O’Leary, PH.D.

Pages:618–622
Published Online:24 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.618

Abstract
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The authors investigated the interactive contribution of patient characteristics and staff perceptions of the patient to decisions concerning the provision of continued alcoholism treatment following an initial 2-week evaluation period. Staff perceptions ...

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