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On Borrowed Time: Observations on Children with Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers and Their Families

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.126.1.104

A seven-year study of 16 children and two adults with implanted pacemakers showed that the patients and their parents were singularly free from evidence of regression in psychic functioning. Their accommodation to the stress of heart block and artificial pacing was achieved through a triad of psychological processes: identification with a medical attitude, intellectualization, and denial of affect.

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