A Genome-Wide Significant Linkage for Severe Depression on Chromosome 3: The Depression Network Study
- Gerome Breen,
Ph.D. , - Bradley Todd Webb,
Ph.D. , - Amy W. Butler,
Ph.D. , - Edwin J.C.G. van den Oord,
Ph.D. , - Federica Tozzi,
Ph.D. , - Nick Craddock,
F.R.C.Psych., Ph.D., F.Med.Sci. , - Mike Gill,
F.R.C.Psych., Ph.D. , - Ania Korszun,
Ph.D., M.D., M.R.C.Psych. , - Wolfgang Maier,
M.D. , - Lefkos Middleton,
M.D., F.R.C.Psych. , - Ole Mors,
M.D., Ph.D. , - Michael J. Owen,
F.R.C.Psych., Ph.D., F.Med.Sci. , - Sarah Cohen-Woods,
Ph.D. , - Julia Perry,
Ph.D. , - Nicholas W. Galwey,
Ph.D. , - Ruchi Upmanyu,
Ph.D. , - Ian Craig,
Ph.D. , - Cathryn M. Lewis,
Ph.D. , - Mandy Ng,
Ph.D. , - Shyama Brewster,
B.Sc. , - Martin Preisig,
M.D., M.P.H. , - Marcella Rietschel,
M.D. , - Lisa Jones,
Ph.D. , - Jo Knight,
Ph.D. , - John Rice,
Ph.D. , - Pierandrea Muglia,
M.D. , - Anne E. Farmer,
M.D., F.R.C.Psych. , and - Peter McGuffin,
F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Psych., Ph.D., F.Med.Sci.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
From the Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Center for Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; the Department of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Verona, Italy, and Greenford, United Kingdom; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin; Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London; the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; the Center for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; the Department of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London; the National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London; the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis; NeuroSearch A/S; and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto.
Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to find loci for major depression via linkage analysis of a large sibling pair sample.
Method:
The authors conducted a genome-wide linkage analysis of 839 families consisting of 971 affected sibling pairs with severe recurrent major depression, comprising waves I and II of the Depression Network Study cohort. In addition to examining affected status, linkage analyses in the full data set were performed using diagnoses restricted by impairment severity, and association mapping of hits in a large case-control data set was attempted.
Results:
The authors identified genome-wide significant linkage to chromosome 3p25-26 when the diagnoses were restricted by severity, which was a maximum LOD score of 4.0 centered at the linkage marker D3S1515. The linkage signal identified was genome-wide significant after correction for the multiple phenotypes tested, although subsequent association mapping of the region in a genome-wide association study of a U.K. depression sample did not provide significant results.
Conclusions:
The authors report a genome-wide significant locus for depression that implicates genes that are highly plausible for involvement in the etiology of recurrent depression. Despite the fact that association mapping in the region was negative, the linkage finding was replicated by another group who found genome-wide-significant linkage for depression in the same region. This suggests that 3p25-26 is a new locus for severe recurrent depression. This represents the first report of a genome-wide significant locus for depression that also has an independent genome-wide significant replication.
