Explosive and violent behavior has long been associated with focal brain lesions, as well as with diffuse damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Irritability and/or aggressiveness are major sources of disability to individuals with brain injury and sources of stress to their families. Agitation that occurs during the acute stages of recovery from brain injury can endanger the safety of the patients and their caregivers. Agitation may be predictive of longer length of hospital stay and decreased cognition (Bogner et al. 2001). Subsequently, low frustration tolerance and explosive behavior may develop that can be set off by minimal provocation or occur without warning. These episodes range in severity from irritability to outbursts that result in damage to property or assaults on others. In severe cases, it may be unsafe for affected individuals to remain in the community or with their families, and they often are referred to long-term psychiatric or neurobehavioral facilities. Therefore, it is essential that all psychiatrists be aware of neurologically induced aggression and its assessment and treatment so that they can provide effective care to patients with this condition and to their families.