Am J Psychiatry 163:1777-1783, October 2006
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.10.1777
© 2006 American Psychiatric Association
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Battle-Injured Soldiers
Thomas A. Grieger, M.D.,
Stephen J. Cozza, M.D.,
Robert J. Ursano, M.D.,
Charles Hoge, M.D.,
Patricia E. Martinez, M.S.N., A.P.R.N.-P.M.H., B.C.,
Charles C. Engel, M.D., and
Harold J. Wain, Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined rates, predictors, and course of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among seriously injured soldiers during and following hospitalization. METHOD: The patients were 613 U.S. soldiers hospitalized following serious combat injury. Standardized screening instruments were administered 1, 4, and 7 months following injury; 243 soldiers completed all three assessments. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of risk factors were performed. PTSD was assessed with the PTSD Checklist; depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire. Combat exposure, deployment length, and severity of physical problems were also assessed. RESULTS: At 1 month, 4.2% of the soldiers had probable PTSD and 4.4% had depression; at 4 months, 12.2% had PTSD and 8.9% had depression; at 7 months, 12.0% had PTSD and 9.3% had depression. In the longitudinal cohort, 78.8% of those positive for PTSD or depression at 7 months screened negative for both conditions at 1 month. High levels of physical problems at 1 month were significantly predictive of PTSD (odds ratio=9.1) and depression at 7 months (odds ratio=5.7) when the analysis controlled for demographic variables, combat exposure, and duration of deployment. Physical problem severity at 1 month was also associated with PTSD and depression severity at 7 months after control for 1-month PTSD and depression severity, demographic variables, combat exposure, and deployment length. CONCLUSIONS: Early severity of physical problems was strongly associated with later PTSD or depression. The majority of soldiers with PTSD or depression at 7 months did not meet criteria for either condition at 1 month.
Related Article:
-
In This Issue
Am J Psychiatry 2006 163: A62.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
K. H. Seal, D. Bertenthal, S. Maguen, K. Gima, A. Chu, and C. R. Marmar
Getting Beyond "Don't Ask; Don't Tell": an Evaluation of US Veterans Administration Postdeployment Mental Health Screening of Veterans Returning From Iraq and Afghanistan
Am J Public Health,
April 1, 2008;
98(4):
714 - 720.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. P. Adelman
Basic Training for the Pediatrician: How to Provide Comprehensive Anticipatory Guidance Regarding Military Service
Pediatrics,
April 1, 2008;
121(4):
e993 - e997.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Posner, J. Eilenberg, J. Harkavy Friedman, and M. J. Fullilove
Quality and Use of Trauma Histories Obtained From Psychiatric Outpatients: A Ten-Year Follow-Up
Psychiatr Serv,
March 1, 2008;
59(3):
318 - 321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Andrews, C. R. Brewin, R. Philpott, and L. Stewart
Delayed-Onset Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 2007;
164(9):
1319 - 1326.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. McFarlane and R. A. Bryant
Post-traumatic stress disorder in occupational settings: anticipating and managing the risk
Occup. Med.,
September 1, 2007;
57(6):
404 - 410.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Hoge, A. Terhakopian, C. A. Castro, S. C. Messer, and C. C. Engel
Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Somatic Symptoms, Health Care Visits, and Absenteeism Among Iraq War Veterans
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2007;
164(1):
150 - 153.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 2006
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
