Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Email this article to a Colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Articles & Searches Download to citation manager Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Articles by Nader, M. A. Articles by Czoty, P. W. Search for Related Content PubMed Citation Articles by Nader, M. A. Articles by Czoty, P. W. Neurotransmitters Cocaine PET

PET Imaging of Dopamine D2 Receptors in Monkey Models of Cocaine Abuse: Genetic Predisposition Versus Environmental Modulation

OBJECTIVE: Animals self-administer many of the drugs that humans abuse, including cocaine. This article describes studies using preclinical animal models to differentiate the influences of neurobiological predisposition from environmental modulation of cocaine addiction, including studies from the authors’ laboratory using nonhuman primates. METHOD: Addiction is described in terms of vulnerability, maintenance, and abstinence. This review focuses on dopamine receptor function, in particular that of the D2-like receptors, as measured by the noninvasive imaging procedure positron emission tomography. Findings from human studies of addiction and animal models are reviewed. RESULTS: There appears to be an inverse relationship between D2 receptor availability and vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Environmental variables can increase or decrease D2 receptor binding in an orderly fashion, and the resulting changes in D2 function influence the vulnerability to abuse cocaine. In maintenance, chronic cocaine exposure produces decreases in D2 receptor binding, which may be a mechanism that contributes to continued drug use. Finally, during abstinence there are individual differences in rates of recovery of D2 receptor availability. CONCLUSIONS: The goal of the preclinical research described in this review is to achieve a better understanding of individual differences in susceptibility and vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. It is clear that the development of novel animal models will extend our understanding of the neurobiological basis of drug addiction to include a greater appreciation of the role of environmental factors in affecting predisposition, mediating continued drug use, and triggering relapse.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. J. Akins and P. Dubey Noninvasive Imaging of Cell-Mediated Therapy for Treatment of Cancer J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2008; 49(Suppl_2): 180S - 195S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. Volkow, G.-J. Wang, H. Begleiter, B. Porjesz, J. S. Fowler, F. Telang, C. Wong, Y. Ma, J. Logan, R. Goldstein, et al. High levels of dopamine d2 receptors in unaffected members of alcoholic families: possible protective factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2006; 63(9): 999 - 1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Get information about faster international access.

Privacy Policy

Copyright © 2005 American Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved.

Home | Search | Current Issue | Past Issues | Subscribe | All APPI Journals | Help | Contact Us