Am J Psychiatry 161:1390-1396, August 2004
© 2004 American Psychiatric Association
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Trauma: Understanding Comorbidity
Meaghan L. O’Donnell, Ph.D.,
Mark Creamer, Ph.D., and
Phillipa Pattison, Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression occur frequently following traumatic exposure, both as separate disorders and concurrently. This raises the question of whether PTSD and depression are separate disorders in the aftermath of trauma or part of a single general traumatic stress construct. This study aimed to explore the relationships among PTSD, depression, and comorbid PTSD/depression following traumatic injury. METHOD: A group of 363 injury survivors was assessed just prior to discharge from hospital and 3 and 12 months postinjury. Canonical correlations were used to examine the relationship between PTSD and depression symptom severity and a set of predictor variables. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify whether the diagnostic categories of PTSD, depression, and comorbid PTSD/depression were associated with different groups of predictors. RESULTS: The majority of psychopathology in the aftermath of trauma was best conceptualized as a general traumatic stress factor, suggesting that when PTSD and depression occur together, they reflect a shared vulnerability with similar predictive variables. However, there was also evidence that in a minority of cases at 3 months, depression occurs independently from PTSD and was predicted by a different combination of variables. CONCLUSIONS: While PTSD and comorbid PTSD/depression are indistinguishable, the findings support the existence of depression as a separate construct in the acute, but not the chronic, aftermath of trauma.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
A. Elklit, L. Due, and D. M. Christiansen
Predictors of Acute Stress Symptoms in Rape Victims
Traumatology,
June 1, 2009;
15(2):
38 - 45.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-H. Ladwig, J. Baumert, B. Marten-Mittag, C. Kolb, B. Zrenner, and C. Schmitt
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicted Mortality in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Results From the Prospective Living With an Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillator Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
November 1, 2008;
65(11):
1324 - 1330.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. HAYES and T.-H. J. CHEN
Clinical expertise and reasoning with uncertain categories
Psychon Bull Rev,
October 1, 2008;
15(5):
1002 - 1007.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Haden and A. Scarpa
Community Violence Victimization and Depressed Mood: The Moderating Effects of Coping and Social Support
J Interpers Violence,
September 1, 2008;
23(9):
1213 - 1234.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Rizvi, D. Kaysen, C. A. Gutner, M. G. Griffin, and P. A. Resick
Beyond Fear: The Role of Peritraumatic Responses in Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Female Crime Victims
J Interpers Violence,
June 1, 2008;
23(6):
853 - 868.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Murray, J. A. Kenardy, and S. H. Spence
Brief Report: Children's Responses to Trauma- and Nontrauma-related Hospital Admission: A Comparison Study
J. Pediatr. Psychol.,
May 1, 2008;
33(4):
435 - 440.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Hepp, H. Moergeli, S. Buchi, H. Bruchhaus-Steinert, B. Kraemer, T. Sensky, and U. Schnyder
Post-traumatic stress disorder in serious accidental injury: 3-year follow-up study
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
May 1, 2008;
192(5):
376 - 383.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-L. MEEWISSE, J. B. REITSMA, G.-J. DE VRIES, B. P. R. GERSONS, and M. OLFF
Cortisol and post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
November 1, 2007;
191(5):
387 - 392.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Gordon
Shared Vulnerability: A Theory of Caring for Children With Persistent Head Lice
The Journal of School Nursing,
October 1, 2007;
23(5):
283 - 292.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. N. Marshall, T. L. Schell, M. N. Elliott, N. R. Rayburn, and L. H. Jaycox
Psychiatric Disorders Among Adults Seeking Emergency Disaster Assistance After a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire
Psychiatr Serv,
April 1, 2007;
58(4):
509 - 514.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. O'Donnell, M. Creamer, P. Elliott, and R. Bryant
Tonic and Phasic Heart Rate as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Psychosom Med,
April 1, 2007;
69(3):
256 - 261.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sijbrandij, M. Olff, J. B. Reitsma, I. V.E. Carlier, M. H. de Vries, and B. P.R. Gersons
Treatment of Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2007;
164(1):
82 - 90.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zatzick and P. P. Roy-Byrne
From Bedside to Bench: How the Epidemiology of Clinical Practice Can Inform the Secondary Prevention of PTSD
Psychiatr Serv,
December 1, 2006;
57(12):
1726 - 1730.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Grieger, S. J. Cozza, R. J. Ursano, C. Hoge, P. E. Martinez, C. C. Engel, and H. J. Wain
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Battle-Injured Soldiers
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2006;
163(10):
1777 - 1783.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zatzick, J. Russo, D. C. Grossman, G. Jurkovich, J. Sabin, L. Berliner, and F. Rivara
Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Use, and Recurrent Traumatic Life Events in a Representative Sample of Hospitalized Injured Adolescents and Their Parents
J. Pediatr. Psychol.,
May 1, 2006;
31(4):
377 - 387.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. S. Richmond, H. J. Thompson, D. Kauder, K. M. Robinson, and N. E. Strumpf
A Feasibility Study of Methodological Issues and Short-Term Outcomes in Seriously Injured Older Adults
Am. J. Crit. Care.,
March 1, 2006;
15(2):
158 - 165.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. N. Marshall, T. L. Schell, M. N. Elliott, S. M. Berthold, and C.-A. Chun
Mental Health of Cambodian Refugees 2 Decades After Resettlement in the United States
JAMA,
August 3, 2005;
294(5):
571 - 579.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A Grieger
PTSD plus depression are comorbid conditions but depression can occur independently in the acute aftermath of trauma
Evid. Based Ment. Health,
February 1, 2005;
8(1):
27 - 27.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 2004
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
