Am J Psychiatry 160:1726-1739, October 2003
© 2003 American Psychiatric Association
A New Anatomical Framework for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Drug Abuse
Lennart Heimer, M.D.
Histotechnological breakthroughs in the late 1960s paved the way for anatomical discoveries that led to the concepts of the ventral striatal-pallidal system and the extended amygdala. These two macro-anatomical systems, together with the basal nucleus of Meynert, represent the main components of the new anatomy of the basal forebrain. The concept of the ventral striatal-pallidal system provided the first indication of the existence of parallel cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic-cortical circuits, which in turn led to the theory of segregated cortical-subcortical reentrant circuits as a conceptual framework for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. The multifarious symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders, however, cannot be understood unless the extended amygdala, the basal nucleus of Meynert, and the septal-diagonal band system are also included in such deliberations. All of these systems serve as output channels for activities in the greater limbic lobe, which usually is critically involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Within the context of the new anatomy of the basal forebrain, structures such as the accumbens, the olfactory tubercle, and the amygdala have lost legitimacy as independent functional-anatomical units at the same time as the major components of the last uncharted territory of the human brain, the substantia innominata, have been identified.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
A. Zastrow, S. Kaiser,, C. Stippich, S. Walther, W. Herzog, K. Tchanturia, A. Belger, M. Weisbrod, J. Treasure, and H.-C. Friederich
Neural Correlates of Impaired Cognitive-Behavioral Flexibility in Anorexia Nervosa
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 2009;
166(5):
608 - 616.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Boileau, M. Guttman, P. Rusjan, J. R. Adams, S. Houle, J. Tong, O. Hornykiewicz, Y. Furukawa, A. A. Wilson, S. Kapur, et al.
Decreased binding of the D3 dopamine receptor-preferring ligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO in drug-naive Parkinson's disease
Brain,
May 1, 2009;
132(5):
1366 - 1375.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Kish PhD
Pharmacologic mechanisms of crystal meth
Can. Med. Assoc. J.,
June 17, 2008;
178(13):
1679 - 1682.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Silbersweig, J. F Clarkin, M. Goldstein, O. F. Kernberg, O. Tuescher, K. N. Levy, G. Brendel, H. Pan, M. Beutel, M. T. Pavony, et al.
Failure of Frontolimbic Inhibitory Function in the Context of Negative Emotion in Borderline Personality Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2007;
164(12):
1832 - 1841.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. R. Marchand and V. Dilda
New Models of Frontal-Subcortical Skeletomotor Circuit Pathology in Tardive Dyskinesia
Neuroscientist,
June 1, 2006;
12(3):
186 - 198.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Miller, S. R. Vorel, A. J. Tranguch, E. T. Kenny, P. Mazzoni, W. G. van Gorp, and H. D. Kleber
Anhedonia After a Selective Bilateral Lesion of the Globus Pallidus
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 2006;
163(5):
786 - 788.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. HEIMER
Acknowledgments of Anatomical Advances
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 2004;
161(4):
768 - 768.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 2003
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
