Am J Psychiatry 159:1420-1422, August 2002
© 2002 American Psychiatric Association
Relationship of Enhanced Norepinephrine Activity During Memory Consolidation to Enhanced Long-Term Memory in Humans
Steven M. Southwick, M.D.,
Michael Davis, Ph.D.,
Beverly Horner, M.A.,
Larry Cahill, Ph.D.,
Charles A. Morgan, III, M.D., M.A.,
Paul E. Gold, Ph.D.,
J. Douglas Bremner, M.D., and
Dennis C. Charney, M.D.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enhanced noradrenergic activity on memory consolidation in humans. METHOD: Thirty healthy subjects (21 men and nine women) viewed a series of 12 slides that depicted an emotionally arousing story. Five minutes after viewing the slides, subjects received either intravenous yohimbine or intravenous placebo in a double-blind randomized fashion. Multiple blood samples were drawn for determining plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). One week later subjects took a surprise memory test for the slides. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in memory score between yohimbine and placebo groups. Linear regression revealed a significant effect of MHPG on memory score for the group as a whole (subjects who had received yohimbine and those who had received placebo) and for the placebo group alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strengthen support for the hypothesis that enhanced memory for emotionally arousing events in humans depends critically on postlearning adrenergic modulation.
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