Am J Psychiatry 159:436-442, March 2002
© 2002 American Psychiatric Association
Differential Evolution of Cognitive Impairment in Nondemented Older Persons: Results From the Kungsholmen Project
Katie Palmer, M.Sc.,
Hui-Xin Wang, Ph.D.,
Lars Bäckman, Ph.D.,
Bengt Winblad, M.D., Ph.D., and
Laura Fratiglioni, M.D., Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE: This study was a prospective, population-based examination of the evolution of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND). METHOD: Subjects 75 years old or older living in Stockholm were assessed at baseline and 3 and 6 years later. The severity of CIND was based on age- and education-specific norms on the Mini-Mental State Examination and was classified as mild (N=212), moderate (N=96), or severe (N=57). Mortality, progression to dementia (DSM-III-R), cognitive stability, and cognitive improvement were studied as main outcomes. RESULTS: Of the individuals with mild CIND, 63 (34%) died, 65 (35%) progressed to dementia, 21 (11%) remained stable, and 46 (25%) improved between baseline and first follow-up. The relative risks of progressing to dementia by first follow-up in the subjects with mild, moderate, and severe CIND were 3.6, 5.4, and 7.0, respectively. The relative risk of death decreased with increasing severity of impairment. Individuals who improved at first follow-up did not have a significantly higher risk of later progressing to dementia than subjects who had never been impaired (relative risk=1.4). The absence of a subjective memory complaint predicted improvement (odds ratio=5.4). CONCLUSIONS: CIND is a heterogeneous condition: similar proportions of subjects progress to dementia, death, and cognitive improvement over 3 years. There is no increased future risk of progressing to dementia in CIND subjects who improve during that period.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
S. T. Farias, D. Mungas, B. R. Reed, D. Harvey, and C. DeCarli
Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in Clinic- vs Community-Based Cohorts
Arch Neurol,
September 1, 2009;
66(9):
1151 - 1157.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Wilson, N. T. Aggarwal, L. L. Barnes, J. L. Bienias, C. F. Mendes de Leon, and D. A. Evans
Biracial Population Study of Mortality in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease
Arch Neurol,
June 1, 2009;
66(6):
767 - 772.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Steffens, D. R. McQuoid, and G. G. Potter
Outcomes of Older Cognitively Impaired Individuals With Current and Past Depression in the NCODE Study
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol,
March 1, 2009;
22(1):
52 - 61.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A J Mitchell and M Shiri-Feshki
Temporal trends in the long term risk of progression of mild cognitive impairment: a pooled analysis
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
December 1, 2008;
79(12):
1386 - 1391.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bombois, S. Debette, A. Bruandet, X. Delbeuck, C. Delmaire, D. Leys, and F. Pasquier
Vascular Subcortical Hyperintensities Predict Conversion to Vascular and Mixed Dementia in MCI Patients
Stroke,
July 1, 2008;
39(7):
2046 - 2051.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Caracciolo, K. Palmer, R. Monastero, B. Winblad, L. Backman, and L. Fratiglioni
Occurrence of cognitive impairment and dementia in the community: A 9-year-long prospective study
Neurology,
May 6, 2008;
70(19_Part_2):
1778 - 1785.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Di Carlo, M. Lamassa, M. Baldereschi, M. Inzitari, E. Scafato, G. Farchi, D. Inzitari, and For the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging Workin
CIND and MCI in the Italian elderly: Frequency, vascular risk factors, progression to dementia
Neurology,
May 29, 2007;
68(22):
1909 - 1916.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Palmer, A. K. Berger, R. Monastero, B. Winblad, L. Backman, and L. Fratiglioni
Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
Neurology,
May 8, 2007;
68(19):
1596 - 1602.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Fleisher, B. B. Sowell, C. Taylor, A. C. Gamst, R. C. Petersen, L. J. Thal, and for the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
Clinical predictors of progression to Alzheimer disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Neurology,
May 8, 2007;
68(19):
1588 - 1595.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Hunderfund, R. O. Roberts, T. C. Slusser, C. L. Leibson, Y. E. Geda, R. J. Ivnik, E. G. Tangalos, and R. C. Petersen
Mortality in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A prospective community study
Neurology,
November 28, 2006;
67(10):
1764 - 1768.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. BUSSE, M. C. ANGERMEYER, and S. G. RIEDEL-HELLER
Progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: a challenge to current thinking
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
November 1, 2006;
189(5):
399 - 404.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Visser, A. Kester, J. Jolles, and F. Verhey
Ten-year risk of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
Neurology,
October 10, 2006;
67(7):
1201 - 1207.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Portet, P J Ousset, P J Visser, G B Frisoni, F Nobili, P. Scheltens, B Vellas, J Touchon, and the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium o
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in medical practice: a critical review of the concept and new diagnostic procedure. Report of the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
June 1, 2006;
77(6):
714 - 718.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. W. Bokde, P. Lopez-Bayo, T. Meindl, S. Pechler, C. Born, F. Faltraco, S. J. Teipel, H.-J. Moller, and H. Hampel
Functional connectivity of the fusiform gyrus during a face-matching task in subjects with mild cognitive impairment
Brain,
May 1, 2006;
129(5):
1113 - 1124.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Laukka, S.W.S. MacDonald, and L. Backman
Contrasting cognitive trajectories of impending death and preclinical dementia in the very old
Neurology,
March 28, 2006;
66(6):
833 - 838.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. G. Parker, K. Ahacic, and M. Thorslund
Health Changes Among Swedish Oldest Old: Prevalence Rates From 1992 and 2002 Show Increasing Health Problems
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
October 1, 2005;
60(10):
1351 - 1355.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J D Fisk and K Rockwood
Outcomes of incident mild cognitive impairment in relation to case definition
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
August 1, 2005;
76(8):
1175 - 1177.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Gauthier and J. Touchon
Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Not a Clinical Entity and Should Not Be Treated
Arch Neurol,
July 1, 2005;
62(7):
1164 - 1166.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Meguro, M. Shimada, S. Yamaguchi, I. Sano, H. Inagaki, M. Matsushita, Y. Sekita, and E. Mori
Neuropsychosocial Features of Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease (CDR 0.5) and Progression to Dementia in a Community: The Tajiri Project
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol,
December 1, 2004;
17(4):
183 - 189.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Maruyama, T. Matsui, H. Tanji, M. Nemoto, N. Tomita, M. Ootsuki, H. Arai, and H. Sasaki
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Protein and Periventricular White Matter Lesions in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Implications for 2 Major Pathways
Arch Neurol,
May 1, 2004;
61(5):
716 - 720.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Fisk, H. R. Merry, and K. Rockwood
Variations in case definition affect prevalence but not outcomes of mild cognitive impairment
Neurology,
November 11, 2003;
61(9):
1179 - 1184.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.A. Luis, D.A. Loewenstein, A. Acevedo, W.W. Barker, and R. Duara
Mild cognitive impairment: Directions for future research
Neurology,
August 26, 2003;
61(4):
438 - 444.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Palmer, L. Backman, B. Winblad, and L. Fratiglioni
Detection of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in the preclinical phase: population based cohort study
BMJ,
February 1, 2003;
326(7383):
245 - 245.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
How Does Cognitive Impairment Evolve in the Nondemented Elderly?
Journal Watch Psychiatry,
March 21, 2002;
2002(321):
9 - 9.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 2002
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
