Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Email this article to a Colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My Articles & Searches Download to citation manager Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Articles by Wright, I. C. Articles by Bullmore, E. T. Search for Related Content PubMed Citation Articles by Wright, I. C. Articles by Bullmore, E. T. Neurophysiology Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders MRI

Meta-Analysis of Regional Brain Volumes in Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to determine whether patients with schizophrenia differ from comparison subjects in regional brain volumes and whether these differences are similar in male and female subjects. METHOD: They conducted a systematic search for structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients with schizophrenia that reported volume measurements of selected cortical, subcortical, and ventricular regions in relation to comparison groups. They carried out a meta-analysis of the volumes of these regions in the patients with schizophrenia and the comparison subjects using a random effects model; they also used random effects regression analysis to examine the influence of gender on effect sizes. RESULTS: Fifty-eight studies were identified as suitable for analysis; these studies included 1,588 independent patients with schizophrenia. Assuming a volume of 100% in the comparison group, they found that the mean cerebral volume of the subjects with schizophrenia was smaller (98%), but the mean total ventricular volume of the subjects with schizophrenia was greater (126%). Relative to the cerebral volume differences, the regional volumes of the subjects with schizophrenia were 94% in the left and right amygdala, 94% in the left and 95% in the right hippocampus/amygdala, and 93% in the left and 95% in the right parahippocampus. Relative to the global ventricular system differences, the largest differences in ventricular subdivisions were in the right and left body of the lateral ventricle, where the volumes of schizophrenic subjects were 116% and 116%, respectively. For most regions, effect size was not significantly related to gender. CONCLUSIONS: Regional structural differences in patients with schizophrenia include bilaterally reduced volume of medial temporal lobe structures. There is a need for greater integration of results from structural MRI studies to avoid redundant research activity.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. Fusar-Poli, C. Klersy, F. Stramesi, A. Callegari, E. Arbustini, and P. Politi Determinants of Quality of Life in Marfan Syndrome Psychosomatics, May 1, 2008; 49(3): 243 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Fornito, M. Yucel, B. Dean, S. J. Wood, and C. Pantelis Anatomical Abnormalities of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia: Bridging the Gap Between Neuroimaging and Neuropathology Schizophr Bull, April 23, 2008; (2008) sbn025v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Prasad and M. S. Keshavan Structural Cerebral Variations as Useful Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia: Do They Help Construct "Extended Endophenotypes"? Schizophr Bull, April 11, 2008; (2008) sbn017v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rais, W. Cahn, N. Van Haren, H. Schnack, E. Caspers, H. Hulshoff Pol, and R. Kahn Excessive Brain Volume Loss Over Time in Cannabis-Using First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2008; 165(4): 490 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Wood, C. Pantelis, D. Velakoulis, M. Yucel, A. Fornito, and P. D. McGorry Progressive Changes in the Development Toward Schizophrenia: Studies in Subjects at Increased Symptomatic Risk Schizophr Bull, March 1, 2008; 34(2): 322 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Lawrie, A. M. McIntosh, J. Hall, D. G.C. Owens, and E. C. Johnstone Brain Structure and Function Changes During the Development of Schizophrenia: The Evidence From Studies of Subjects at Increased Genetic Risk Schizophr Bull, March 1, 2008; 34(2): 330 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. E. Hulshoff Pol and R. S. Kahn What Happens After the First Episode? A Review of Progressive Brain Changes in Chronically Ill Patients With Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, March 1, 2008; 34(2): 354 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Konrad and G. Winterer Disturbed Structural Connectivity in Schizophrenia Primary Factor in Pathology or Epiphenomenon? Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2008; 34(1): 72 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gogtay Cortical Brain Development in Schizophrenia: Insights From Neuroimaging Studies in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2008; 34(1): 30 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Frazier, S. M. Hodge, J. L. Breeze, A. J. Giuliano, J. E. Terry, C. M. Moore, D. N. Kennedy, M. P. Lopez-Larson, V. S. Caviness, L. J. Seidman, et al. Diagnostic and Sex Effects on Limbic Volumes in Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, January 1, 2008; 34(1): 37 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. BORGWARDT, P. K. McGUIRE, J. ASTON, G. BERGER, P. DAZZAN, U. GSCHWANDTNER, M. PFLUGER, M. D'SOUZA, E.-W. RADUE, and A. RIECHER-ROSSLER Structural brain abnormalities in individuals with an at-risk mental state who later develop psychosis The British Journal of Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 191(51): s69 - s75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. SCHAUFELBERGER, F. L.S. DURAN, J. M. LAPPIN, M. SCAZUFCA, E. AMARO Jr, C. C. LEITE, C. C. DE CASTRO, R. M. MURRAY, P. K. McGUIRE, P. R. MENEZES, et al. Grey matter abnormalities in Brazilians with first-episode psychosis The British Journal of Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 191(51): s117 - s122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. LAPPIN, P. DAZZAN, K. MORGAN, C. MORGAN, X. CHITNIS, J. SUCKLING, P. FEARON, P. B. JONES, J. LEFF, R. M. MURRAY, et al. Duration of prodromal phase and severity of volumetric abnormalities in first-episode psychosis The British Journal of Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 191(51): s123 - s127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. M. Narayan, K. L. Narr, V. Kumari, R. P. Woods, P. M. Thompson, A. W. Toga, and T. Sharma Regional Cortical Thinning in Subjects With Violent Antisocial Personality Disorder or Schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 164(9): 1418 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Jones and C. Fernyhough A New Look at the Neural Diathesis Stress Model of Schizophrenia: The Primacy of Social-Evaluative and Uncontrollable Situations Schizophr Bull, September 1, 2007; 33(5): 1171 - 1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. E. Bearden, T. G.M. van Erp, R. A. Dutton, H. Tran, L. Zimmermann, D. Sun, J. A. Geaga, T. J. Simon, D. C. Glahn, T. D. Cannon, et al. Mapping Cortical Thickness in Children with 22q11.2 Deletions Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2007; 17(8): 1889 - 1898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. BEDIOU, F. ASRI, J. BRUNELIN, P. KROLAK-SALMON, T. D'AMATO, M. SAOUD, and I. TAZI Emotion recognition and genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2007; 191(2): 126 - 130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Waddington Neuroimaging and other neurobiological indices in schizophrenia: relationship to measurement of functional outcome The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2007; 191(50): s52 - s57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gogtay, D. Greenstein, M. Lenane, L. Clasen, W. Sharp, P. Gochman, P. Butler, A. Evans, and J. Rapoport Cortical Brain Development in Nonpsychotic Siblings of Patients With Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2007; 64(7): 772 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Gur, M. S. Keshavan, and S. M. Lawrie Deconstructing Psychosis With Human Brain Imaging Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2007; 33(4): 921 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. Erickson, J. R. Ciccone, S. B. Schwarzkopf, J. S. Lamberti, and M. J. Vitacco Legal Fallacies of Antipsychotic Drugs J Am Acad Psychiatry Law, June 1, 2007; 35(2): 235 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Ettinger, M. Picchioni, S. Landau, K. Matsumoto, N. E. van Haren, N. Marshall, M.-H. Hall, K. Schulze, T. Toulopoulou, N. Davies, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thalamus and Adhesio Interthalamica in Twins With Schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 64(4): 401 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. SCOTT, D. CHANT, G. ANDREWS, G. MARTIN, and J. McGRATH Association between trauma exposure and delusional experiences in a large community-based sample The British Journal of Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 190(4): 339 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. B. M. Boos, A. Aleman, W. Cahn, H. H. Pol, and R. S. Kahn Brain Volumes in Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2007; 64(3): 297 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Kreczmanski, H. Heinsen, V. Mantua, F. Woltersdorf, T. Masson, N. Ulfig, R. Schmidt-Kastner, H. Korr, H. W. M. Steinbusch, P. R. Hof, et al. Volume, neuron density and total neuron number in five subcortical regions in schizophrenia Brain, March 1, 2007; 130(3): 678 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Wood, G. E. Berger, M. Lambert, P. Conus, D. Velakoulis, G. W. Stuart, P. Desmond, P. D. McGorry, and C. Pantelis Prediction of functional outcome 18 months after a first psychotic episode: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2006; 63(9): 969 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Dean, P. Fearon, K. Morgan, G. Hutchinson, K. Orr, X. Chitnis, J. Suckling, R. Mallet, J. Leff, P. B. Jones, et al. Grey matter correlates of minor physical anomalies in the AeSOP first-episode psychosis study The British Journal of Psychiatry, September 1, 2006; 189(3): 221 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. M. D. Gurling, H. Critchley, S. R. Datta, A. McQuillin, E. Blaveri, S. Thirumalai, J. Pimm, R. Krasucki, G. Kalsi, D. Quested, et al. Genetic Association and Brain Morphology Studies and the Chromosome 8p22 Pericentriolar Material 1 (PCM1) Gene in Susceptibility to Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, August 1, 2006; 63(8): 844 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Brickman, M. S. Buchsbaum, Z. Ivanov, J. C. Borod, N. S. Foldi, E. Hahn, S. A. Mitelman, E. A. Hazlett, S. J. Lincoln, R. E. Newmark, et al. Internal Capsule Size in Good-Outcome and Poor-Outcome Schizophrenia J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2006; 18(3): 364 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. G. STEEN, C. MULL, R. MCCLURE, R. M. HAMER, and J. A. LIEBERMAN Brain volume in first-episode schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies The British Journal of Psychiatry, June 1, 2006; 188(6): 510 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Ongur, T. J. Cullen, D. H. Wolf, M. Rohan, P. Barreira, M. Zalesak, and S. Heckers The neural basis of relational memory deficits in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2006; 63(4): 356 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Sim, I. DeWitt, T. Ditman, M. Zalesak, I. Greenhouse, D. Goff, A. P Weiss, and S. Heckers Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Volumes in Schizophrenia: A Structural MRI Study Schizophr Bull, April 1, 2006; 32(2): 332 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. McDonald, N. Marshall, P. C. Sham, E. T. Bullmore, K. Schulze, B. Chapple, E. Bramon, F. Filbey, S. Quraishi, M. Walshe, et al. Regional Brain Morphometry in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Their Unaffected Relatives Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 163(3): 478 - 487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S J Borgwardt, E-W Radue, K Gotz, J Aston, M Drewe, U Gschwandtner, S Haller, M Pfluger, R-D Stieglitz, P K McGuire, et al. Radiological findings in individuals at high risk of psychosis J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 2006; 77(2): 229 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Honea, T. J. Crow, D. Passingham, and C. E. Mackay Regional Deficits in Brain Volume in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies Am J Psychiatry, December 1, 2005; 162(12): 2233 - 2245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Davatzikos, D. Shen, R. C. Gur, X. Wu, D. Liu, Y. Fan, P. Hughett, B. I. Turetsky, and R. E. Gur Whole-Brain Morphometric Study of Schizophrenia Revealing a Spatially Complex Set of Focal Abnormalities Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 2005; 62(11): 1218 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Pieper, X. Wu, T. W. Han, S. J. Estill, Q. Dang, L. C. Wu, S. Reece-Fincanon, C. A. Dudley, J. A. Richardson, D. J. Brat, et al. The neuronal PAS domain protein 3 transcription factor controls FGF-mediated adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice PNAS, September 27, 2005; 102(39): 14052 - 14057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Pantelis, M. Yucel, S. J Wood, D. Velakoulis, D. Sun, G. Berger, G. W Stuart, A. Yung, L. Phillips, and P. D McGorry Structural Brain Imaging Evidence for Multiple Pathological Processes at Different Stages of Brain Development in Schizophrenia Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2005; 31(3): 672 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Narr, R. M. Bilder, A. W. Toga, R. P. Woods, D. E. Rex, P. R. Szeszko, D. Robinson, S. Sevy, H. Gunduz-Bruce, Y.-P. Wang, et al. Mapping Cortical Thickness and Gray Matter Concentration in First Episode Schizophrenia Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2005; 15(6): 708 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. N. BHRIAIN, A. W. CLARE, and B. A. LAWLOR Neuroimaging: a new training issue in psychiatry? Psychiatr. Bull., May 1, 2005; 29(5): 189 - 192. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. L. C. Mitchell and T. J. Crow Right hemisphere language functions and schizophrenia: the forgotten hemisphere? Brain, May 1, 2005; 128(5): 963 - 978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. McDonald, E. Bullmore, P. Sham, X. Chitnis, J. Suckling, J. MacCabe, M. Walshe, and R. M. Murray Regional volume deviations of brain structure in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder: Computational morphometry study The British Journal of Psychiatry, May 1, 2005; 186(5): 369 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Chakos, S. A. Schobel, H. Gu, G. Gerig, D. Bradford, C. Charles, and J. A. Lieberman Duration of illness and treatment effects on hippocampal volume in male patients with schizophrenia The British Journal of Psychiatry, January 1, 2005; 186(1): 26 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. McDonald, E. T. Bullmore, P. C. Sham, X. Chitnis, H. Wickham, E. Bramon, and R. M. Murray Association of Genetic Risks for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder With Specific and Generic Brain Structural Endophenotypes Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 2004; 61(10): 974 - 984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Fujii, I. Ahmed, and E. Hishinuma A Neuropsychological Comparison of Psychotic Disorder Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury Without Psychotic Disorder, and Schizophrenia J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2004; 16(3): 306 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. HALL, J. M. HARRIS, R. SPRENGELMEYER, A. SPRENGELMEYER, A. W. YOUNG, I. M. SANTOS, E. C. JOHNSTONE, and S. M. LAWRIE Social cognition and face processing in schizophrenia The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2004; 185(2): 169 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. James, S. James, D. M. Smith, and A. Javaloyes Cerebellar, Prefrontal Cortex, and Thalamic Volumes Over Two Time Points in Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2004; 161(6): 1023 - 1029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. K. Stark, H. B.M. Uylings, E. Sanz-Arigita, and B. Pakkenberg Glial Cell Loss in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex, a Subregion of the Prefrontal Cortex, in Subjects With Schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry, May 1, 2004; 161(5): 882 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Zammit, P. Allebeck, A. S. David, C. Dalman, T. Hemmingsson, I. Lundberg, and G. Lewis A Longitudinal Study of Premorbid IQ Score and Risk of Developing Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Severe Depression, and Other Nonaffective Psychoses Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2004; 61(4): 354 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. J. Siever and K. L. Davis The Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia Disorders: Perspectives From the Spectrum Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 2004; 161(3): 398 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

O. van der Stelt, J. Frye, J. A. Lieberman, and A. Belger Impaired P3 Generation Reflects High-Level and Progressive Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2004; 61(3)