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Am J Psychiatry 157:16-25, January 2000
© 2000 American Psychiatric Association


Special Article

Meta-Analysis of Regional Brain Volumes in Schizophrenia

Ian C. Wright, M.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych., Sophia Rabe-Hesketh, B.Sc., Ph.D., Peter W.R. Woodruff, Ph.D., M.R.C.Psych., Anthony S. David, M.D., F.R.C.Psych., Robin M. Murray, D.Sc., F.R.C.Psych., and Edward T. Bullmore, Ph.D., M.R.C.Psych.

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to determine whether patients with schizophrenia differ from comparison subjects in regional brain volumes and whether these differences are similar in male and female subjects. METHOD: They conducted a systematic search for structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of patients with schizophrenia that reported volume measurements of selected cortical, subcortical, and ventricular regions in relation to comparison groups. They carried out a meta-analysis of the volumes of these regions in the patients with schizophrenia and the comparison subjects using a random effects model; they also used random effects regression analysis to examine the influence of gender on effect sizes. RESULTS: Fifty-eight studies were identified as suitable for analysis; these studies included 1,588 independent patients with schizophrenia. Assuming a volume of 100% in the comparison group, they found that the mean cerebral volume of the subjects with schizophrenia was smaller (98%), but the mean total ventricular volume of the subjects with schizophrenia was greater (126%). Relative to the cerebral volume differences, the regional volumes of the subjects with schizophrenia were 94% in the left and right amygdala, 94% in the left and 95% in the right hippocampus/amygdala, and 93% in the left and 95% in the right parahippocampus. Relative to the global ventricular system differences, the largest differences in ventricular subdivisions were in the right and left body of the lateral ventricle, where the volumes of schizophrenic subjects were 116% and 116%, respectively. For most regions, effect size was not significantly related to gender. CONCLUSIONS: Regional structural differences in patients with schizophrenia include bilaterally reduced volume of medial temporal lobe structures. There is a need for greater integration of results from structural MRI studies to avoid redundant research activity.




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C. Davatzikos, D. Shen, R. C. Gur, X. Wu, D. Liu, Y. Fan, P. Hughett, B. I. Turetsky, and R. E. Gur
Whole-Brain Morphometric Study of Schizophrenia Revealing a Spatially Complex Set of Focal Abnormalities
Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 2005; 62(11): 1218 - 1227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. A. Pieper, X. Wu, T. W. Han, S. J. Estill, Q. Dang, L. C. Wu, S. Reece-Fincanon, C. A. Dudley, J. A. Richardson, D. J. Brat, et al.
The neuronal PAS domain protein 3 transcription factor controls FGF-mediated adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice
PNAS, September 27, 2005; 102(39): 14052 - 14057.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Schizophr BullHome page
C. Pantelis, M. Yucel, S. J Wood, D. Velakoulis, D. Sun, G. Berger, G. W Stuart, A. Yung, L. Phillips, and P. D McGorry
Structural Brain Imaging Evidence for Multiple Pathological Processes at Different Stages of Brain Development in Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull, July 1, 2005; 31(3): 672 - 696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cereb CortexHome page
K. L. Narr, R. M. Bilder, A. W. Toga, R. P. Woods, D. E. Rex, P. R. Szeszko, D. Robinson, S. Sevy, H. Gunduz-Bruce, Y.-P. Wang, et al.
Mapping Cortical Thickness and Gray Matter Concentration in First Episode Schizophrenia
Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2005; 15(6): 708 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Psychiatr. Bull.Home page
S. N. BHRIAIN, A. W. CLARE, and B. A. LAWLOR
Neuroimaging: a new training issue in psychiatry?
Psychiatr. Bull., May 1, 2005; 29(5): 189 - 192.
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BrainHome page
R. L. C. Mitchell and T. J. Crow
Right hemisphere language functions and schizophrenia: the forgotten hemisphere?
Brain, May 1, 2005; 128(5): 963 - 978.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
C. McDonald, E. Bullmore, P. Sham, X. Chitnis, J. Suckling, J. MacCabe, M. Walshe, and R. M. Murray
Regional volume deviations of brain structure in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder: Computational morphometry study
The British Journal of Psychiatry, May 1, 2005; 186(5): 369 - 377.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
M. H. Chakos, S. A. Schobel, H. Gu, G. Gerig, D. Bradford, C. Charles, and J. A. Lieberman
Duration of illness and treatment effects on hippocampal volume in male patients with schizophrenia
The British Journal of Psychiatry, January 1, 2005; 186(1): 26 - 31.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
C. McDonald, E. T. Bullmore, P. C. Sham, X. Chitnis, H. Wickham, E. Bramon, and R. M. Murray
Association of Genetic Risks for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder With Specific and Generic Brain Structural Endophenotypes
Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 2004; 61(10): 974 - 984.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosi.Home page
D. Fujii, I. Ahmed, and E. Hishinuma
A Neuropsychological Comparison of Psychotic Disorder Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury Without Psychotic Disorder, and Schizophrenia
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, August 1, 2004; 16(3): 306 - 314.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
J. HALL, J. M. HARRIS, R. SPRENGELMEYER, A. SPRENGELMEYER, A. W. YOUNG, I. M. SANTOS, E. C. JOHNSTONE, and S. M. LAWRIE
Social cognition and face processing in schizophrenia
The British Journal of Psychiatry, August 1, 2004; 185(2): 169 - 170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
A. C. James, S. James, D. M. Smith, and A. Javaloyes
Cerebellar, Prefrontal Cortex, and Thalamic Volumes Over Two Time Points in Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2004; 161(6): 1023 - 1029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
A. K. Stark, H. B.M. Uylings, E. Sanz-Arigita, and B. Pakkenberg
Glial Cell Loss in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex, a Subregion of the Prefrontal Cortex, in Subjects With Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry, May 1, 2004; 161(5): 882 - 888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
S. Zammit, P. Allebeck, A. S. David, C. Dalman, T. Hemmingsson, I. Lundberg, and G. Lewis
A Longitudinal Study of Premorbid IQ Score and Risk of Developing Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Severe Depression, and Other Nonaffective Psychoses
Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 2004; 61(4): 354 - 360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
L. J. Siever and K. L. Davis
The Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia Disorders: Perspectives From the Spectrum
Am J Psychiatry, March 1, 2004; 161(3): 398 - 413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Gen PsychiatryHome page
O. van der Stelt, J. Frye, J. A. Lieberman, and A. Belger
Impaired P3 Generation Reflects High-Level and Progressive Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2004; 61(3): 237 - 248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
C. Gaser, I. Nenadic, B. R. Buchsbaum, E. A. Hazlett, and M. S. Buchsbaum
Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia Related to Volume Reduction of the Thalamus, Striatum, and Superior Temporal Cortex
Am J Psychiatry, January 1, 2004; 161(1): 154 - 156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cereb CortexHome page
C. Gaser, I. Nenadic, H.-P. Volz, C. Buchel, and H. Sauer
Neuroanatomy of 'Hearing Voices': A Frontotemporal Brain Structural Abnormality Associated with Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2004; 14(1): 91 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
S. A. Mitelman, L. Shihabuddin, A. M. Brickman, E. A. Hazlett, and M. S. Buchsbaum
MRI Assessment of Gray and White Matter Distribution in Brodmann's Areas of the Cortex in Patients With Schizophrenia With Good and Poor Outcomes
Am J Psychiatry, December 1, 2003; 160(12): 2154 - 2168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
K. L. Narr, T. Sharma, R. P. Woods, P. M. Thompson, E. R. Sowell, D. Rex, S. Kim, D. Asuncion, S. Jang, J. Mazziotta, et al.
Increases in Regional Subarachnoid CSF Without Apparent Cortical Gray Matter Deficits in Schizophrenia: Modulating Effects of Sex and Age
Am J Psychiatry, December 1, 2003; 160(12): 2169 - 2180.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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