Am J Psychiatry 156:902-907, June 1999
© 1999 American Psychiatric Association
Previous Exposure to Trauma and PTSD Effects of Subsequent Trauma: Results From the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma
Naomi Breslau, Ph.D.,
Howard D. Chilcoat, Sc.D.,
Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D., and
Glenn C. Davis, M.D.
OBJECTIVE: With the exception of a few reports of higher rates of childhood trauma in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the influence of previous exposure to trauma on the PTSD effects of subsequent trauma. The authors examine interrelated questions about the effects of previous exposure to trauma. METHOD: A representative sample of 2,181 individuals in southeast Michigan were interviewed by telephone to record lifetime history of traumatic events specified in DSM-IV as potentially leading to PTSD. PTSD was assessed with respect to a randomly selected index trauma from the list of events reported by each respondent. RESULTS: History of any previous exposure to traumatic events was associated with a greater risk of PTSD from the index trauma. Multiple previous events had a stronger effect than a single previous event. The effect of previous assaultive violence persisted over time with little change. When they examined several features of the previous exposure to trauma, the authors found that subjects who experienced multiple events involving assaultive violence in childhood were more likely to experience PTSD from trauma in adulthood. Furthermore, previous events involving assaultive violence—single or multiple, in childhood or later on—were associated with a higher risk of PTSD in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Previous exposure to trauma signals a greater risk of PTSD from subsequent trauma. Although these results are consistent with a sensitization hypothesis, like the results from previous research on PTSD, they do not address the mechanism of increased responsivity to trauma. Long-term observational studies can further elucidate these observations.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
I. A. Kira, L. Lewandowski, T. Templin, V. Ramaswamy, B. Ozkan, and J. Mohanesh
Measuring Cumulative Trauma Dose, Types, and Profiles Using a Development-Based Taxonomy of Traumas
Traumatology,
June 1, 2008;
14(2):
62 - 87.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Breslau, E. L. Peterson, and L. R. Schultz
A Second Look at Prior Trauma and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Effects of Subsequent Trauma: A Prospective Epidemiological Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
April 1, 2008;
65(4):
431 - 437.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. Binder, R. G. Bradley, W. Liu, M. P. Epstein, T. C. Deveau, K. B. Mercer, Y. Tang, C. F. Gillespie, C. M. Heim, C. B. Nemeroff, et al.
Association of FKBP5 Polymorphisms and Childhood Abuse With Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adults
JAMA,
March 19, 2008;
299(11):
1291 - 1305.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Hamdan
Psychiatric Aspects of Orthopaedics
J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Surg.,
January 1, 2008;
16(1):
41 - 46.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. T. Scott
Multiple Traumatic Experiences and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
J Interpers Violence,
July 1, 2007;
22(7):
932 - 938.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Farhood, H. Dimassi, and T. Lehtinen
Exposure to War-Related Traumatic Events, Prevalence of PTSD, and General Psychiatric Morbidity in a Civilian Population From Southern Lebanon.
J Transcult Nurs,
October 1, 2006;
17(4):
333 - 340.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Shemesh, M. Koren-Michowitz, R. Yehuda, O. Milo-Cotter, E. Murdock, Z. Vered, B. L. Shneider, J. M. Gorman, and G. Cotter
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients Who Have Had a Myocardial Infarction
Psychosomatics,
June 1, 2006;
47(3):
231 - 239.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C J. Yzermans, G. A Donker, J. J Kerssens, A. J. Dirkzwager, R. J. Soeteman, and P. M. ten Veen
Health problems of victims before and after disaster: a longitudinal study in general practice
Int. J. Epidemiol.,
August 1, 2005;
34(4):
820 - 826.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Perkonigg, H. Pfister, M. B. Stein, M. Hofler, R. Lieb, A. Maercker, and H.-U. Wittchen
Longitudinal Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Community Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 2005;
162(7):
1320 - 1327.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Ziegler, M. H. Greenwald, M. A. DeGuzman, and H. K. Simon
Posttraumatic Stress Responses in Children: Awareness and Practice Among a Sample of Pediatric Emergency Care Providers
Pediatrics,
May 1, 2005;
115(5):
1261 - 1267.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Lang, M. B. Stein, C. M. Kennedy, and D. W. Foy
Adult Psychopathology and Intimate Partner Violence among Survivors of Childhood Maltreatment
J Interpers Violence,
October 1, 2004;
19(10):
1102 - 1118.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Brosky and S. J. Lally
Prevalence of Trauma, PTSD, and Dissociation in Court-Referred Adolescents
J Interpers Violence,
July 1, 2004;
19(7):
801 - 814.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Walker, T. Logan, C. E. Jordan, and J. C. Campbell
An Integrative Review of Separation in the Context of Victimization: Consequences and Implications for Women
Trauma Violence Abuse,
April 1, 2004;
5(2):
143 - 193.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kagee and A. V. Naidoo
Reconceptualizing the Sequelae of Political Torture: Limitations of a Psychiatric Paradigm
Transcultural Psychiatry,
March 1, 2004;
41(1):
46 - 61.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kroll
Posttraumatic Symptoms and the Complexity of Responses to Trauma
JAMA,
August 6, 2003;
290(5):
667 - 670.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Connor and M. I. Butterfield
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
247 - 262.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Gearon, S. I. Kaltman, C. Brown, and A. S. Bellack
Traumatic Life Events and PTSD Among Women With Substance Use Disorders and Schizophrenia
Psychiatr Serv,
April 1, 2003;
54(4):
523 - 528.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Shaw and N. Krause
Exposure to Physical Violence During Childhood, Aging, and Health
J Aging Health,
November 1, 2002;
14(4):
467 - 494.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Stein
A 46-Year-Old Man With Anxiety and Nightmares After a Motor Vehicle Collision
JAMA,
September 25, 2002;
288(12):
1513 - 1521.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gurevich, G. M. Devins, and G. M. Rodin
Stress Response Syndromes and Cancer: Conceptual and Assessment Issues
Psychosomatics,
August 1, 2002;
43(4):
259 - 281.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Fein, N. Kassam-Adams, M. Gavin, R. Huang, D. Blanchard, and E. M. Datner
Persistence of Posttraumatic Stress in Violently Injured Youth Seen in the Emergency Department
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
August 1, 2002;
156(8):
836 - 840.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Deblinger, L. B. Stauffer, and R. A. Steer
Comparative Efficacies of Supportive and Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapies for Young Children Who have been Sexually Abused and their Nonoffending Mothers
Child Maltreat,
November 1, 2001;
6(4):
332 - 343.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Morgan III, Maj. G. Hazlett, S. Wang, E. G. Richardson Jr., P. Schnurr, and S. M. Southwick
Symptoms of Dissociation in Humans Experiencing Acute, Uncontrollable Stress: A Prospective Investigation
Am J Psychiatry,
August 1, 2001;
158(8):
1239 - 1247.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Morgan III, S. Wang, A. Rasmusson, G. Hazlett, G. Anderson, and D. S. Charney
Relationship Among Plasma Cortisol, Catecholamines, Neuropeptide Y, and Human Performance During Exposure to Uncontrollable Stress
Psychosom Med,
May 1, 2001;
63(3):
412 - 422.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. W. BARNETT
Why Battered Women Do Not Leave, Part 2: External Inhibiting Factors--Social Support and Internal Inhibiting Factors
Trauma Violence Abuse,
January 1, 2001;
2(1):
3 - 35.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. B. CARLSON and C. J. DALENBERG
A Conceptual Framework for the Impact of Traumatic Experiences
Trauma Violence Abuse,
January 1, 2000;
1(1):
4 - 28.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Rich and C. M. Grey
Pathways to Recurrent Trauma Among Young Black Men: Traumatic Stress, Substance Use, and the "Code of the Street"
Am J Public Health,
May 1, 2005;
95(5):
816 - 824.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1999
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
