Am J Psychiatry 156:557-563, April 1999
© 1999 American Psychiatric Association
Psychiatric Disorder and the Broad Autism Phenotype: Evidence From a Family Study of Multiple-Incidence Autism Families
Joseph Piven, M.D., and
Pat Palmer, Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown familial aggregation of some axis I psychiatric disorders in families ascertained through a single autistic proband. In this study the authors examined the rate of axis I psychiatric disorders in nonautistic relatives from multiple-incidence autism families and the possible relationship of these disorders to the broad autism phenotype. METHOD: The rates of axis I psychiatric disorders, assessed by using semistructured and family history interviews, were compared in parents, grandparents, and aunts and uncles ascertained through 25 families of multiple-incidence autism probands and 30 families of probands with Down's syndrome. The possible association between selected psychiatric disorders and the broad autism phenotype, assessed directly through semistructured interviews and observational rating measures, was also examined in the two groups of parents. RESULTS: The parents of the autistic probands had significantly higher rates of major depressive disorder and social phobia than the parents of the Down"s syndrome probands. The high rate of depression in the parents of the autistic probands was consistent with the high rates of depression and anxiety detected in the grandparents and aunts and uncles in the autism families by family history. There was no evidence of an association, within individuals, between either depression or social phobia and the broad autism phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Relatives of autistic individuals have high rates of major depression and social phobia that are not associated with the broad autism phenotype and cannot be explained by the increased stress associated with raising an autistic child. Alternative mechanisms and the scientific and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. L. Daniels, U. Forssen, C. M. Hultman, S. Cnattingius, D. A. Savitz, M. Feychting, and P. Sparen
Parental Psychiatric Disorders Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Offspring
Pediatrics,
May 1, 2008;
121(5):
e1357 - e1362.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kolevzon, R. Gross, and A. Reichenberg
Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Review and Integration of Findings
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
April 1, 2007;
161(4):
326 - 333.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Friedlander
Author's response
J Am Dent Assoc,
March 1, 2007;
138(3):
286 - 287.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Marco and D. H. Skuse
Autism-lessons from the X chromosome
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci,
December 1, 2006;
1(3):
183 - 193.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Friedlander, J. A. Yagiela, V. I. Paterno, and M. E. Mahler
The neuropathology, medical management and dental implications of autism.
J Am Dent Assoc,
November 1, 2006;
137(11):
1517 - 1527.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Duarte, I. A. Bordin, L. Yazigi, and J. Mooney
Factors associated with stress in mothers of children with autism
Autism,
October 1, 2005;
9(4):
416 - 427.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Fleischmann
The hero's story and autism: Grounded theory study of websites for parents of children with autism
Autism,
August 1, 2005;
9(3):
299 - 316.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. DeLong
Autism and Familial Major Mood Disorder: Are They Related?
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
May 1, 2004;
16(2):
199 - 213.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Micali, S. Chakrabarti, and E. Fombonne
The Broad Autism Phenotype: Findings from an Epidemiological Survey
Autism,
March 1, 2004;
8(1):
21 - 37.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. R. Kates, C. P. Burnette, S. Eliez, L. A. Strunge, D. Kaplan, R. Landa, A. L. Reiss, and G. D. Pearlson
Neuroanatomic Variation in Monozygotic Twin Pairs Discordant for the Narrow Phenotype for Autism
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2004;
161(3):
539 - 546.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sverd, D. R. Dubey, R. Schweitzer, and R. Ninan
Pervasive Developmental Disorders Among Children and Adolescents Attending Psychiatric Day Treatment
Psychiatr Serv,
November 1, 2003;
54(11):
1519 - 1525.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Mathew, J. D. Coplan, and J. M. Gorman
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Social Anxiety Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2001;
158(10):
1558 - 1567.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1999
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
