|
| | |
|
Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1114-1119
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: findings from a community survey
MB Stein, JR Walker, AL Hazen and DR Forde
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0985, USA. mstein@ucsd.edu
OBJECTIVE: Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following
trauma exposure were examined in a community sample in order to determine
their prevalence and their relative importance and functional significance.
METHOD: A standardized telephone interview with a series of trauma probes
and a DSM-IV PTSD checklist was administered to a random sample of 1,002
persons in a midsized Midwestern Canadian city. The authors determined
current (i.e., 1- months) prevalence rates of full PTSD, i.e., all DSM-IV
criteria, and partial PTSD, i.e., fewer than the required number of DSM-IV
criterion C symptoms (avoidance/numbing) or criterion D symptoms (increased
arousal). Additional questions about interference with functioning were
also posed. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of full PTSD was 2.7% for
women and 1.2% for men. The prevalence of partial PTSD was 3.4% for women
and 0.3% for men. Interference with work or school was significantly more
pronounced in persons with full PTSD than in those with only partial
symptoms, although the latter were significantly more occupationally
impaired than traumatized persons without PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings
in an epidemiologic sample underscore observations from patient and
military groups that many traumatized persons suffer from a subsyndromal
form of PTSD. These persons with partial PTSD, although somewhat less
impaired than persons with the full syndrome, nonetheless exhibit
clinically meaningful levels of functional impairment in association with
their symptoms. This subthreshold form of PTSD may be especially prevalent
in women. Additional study of partial PTSD is warranted.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
M. Corrigan, R. McWilliams, K. J. Kelly, J. Niles, C. Cammarata, K. Jones, D. Wartenberg, W. K. Hallman, H. M. Kipen, L. Glass, et al.
A Computerized, Self-Administered Questionnaire to Evaluate Posttraumatic Stress Among Firefighters After the World Trade Center Collapse
Am J Public Health,
November 1, 2009;
99(S3):
S702 - S709.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Freed, D. E. Yeager, X. Liu, K. L. Gore, C. C. Engel, and K. M. Magruder
Preference-Weighted Health Status of PTSD Among Veterans: An Outcome for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Clinical Data
Psychiatr Serv,
September 1, 2009;
60(9):
1230 - 1238.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Breslau
The Epidemiology of Trauma, PTSD, and Other Posttrauma Disorders
Trauma Violence Abuse,
July 1, 2009;
10(3):
198 - 210.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Laufer and Z. Solomon
Gender Differences in PTSD in Israeli Youth Exposed to Terror Attacks
J Interpers Violence,
June 1, 2009;
24(6):
959 - 976.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Wang, M. J. Gruber, R. E. Powers, M. Schoenbaum, A. H. Speier, K. B. Wells, and R. C. Kessler
Mental Health Service Use Among Hurricane Katrina Survivors in the Eight Months After the Disaster
Focus,
April 1, 2009;
7(2):
243 - 253.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Landolt, C. Buehlmann, T. Maag, and C. Schiestl
Brief Report: Quality of Life Is Impaired in Pediatric Burn Survivors with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
J. Pediatr. Psychol.,
January 1, 2009;
34(1):
14 - 21.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Hepp, H. Moergeli, S. Buchi, H. Bruchhaus-Steinert, B. Kraemer, T. Sensky, and U. Schnyder
Post-traumatic stress disorder in serious accidental injury: 3-year follow-up study
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
May 1, 2008;
192(5):
376 - 383.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Wang, M. J. Gruber, R. E. Powers, M. Schoenbaum, A. H. Speier, K. B. Wells, and R. C. Kessler
Disruption of Existing Mental Health Treatments and Failure to Initiate New Treatment After Hurricane Katrina
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2008;
165(1):
34 - 41.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Wang, M. J. Gruber, R. E. Powers, M. Schoenbaum, A. H. Speier, K. B. Wells, and R. C. Kessler
Mental Health Service Use Among Hurricane Katrina Survivors in the Eight Months After the Disaster
Psychiatr Serv,
November 1, 2007;
58(11):
1403 - 1411.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Adshead and S. Ferris
Treatment of victims of trauma
Adv. Psychiatr. Treat.,
September 1, 2007;
13(5):
358 - 368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Ostrowski, N. C. Christopher, and D. L. Delahanty
Brief Report: The Impact of Maternal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Child Gender on Risk for Persistent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Child Trauma Victims
J. Pediatr. Psychol.,
April 1, 2007;
32(3):
338 - 342.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. Nugent, S. Ostrowski, N. C. Christopher, and D. L. Delahanty
Parental Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms as a Moderator of Child's Acute Biological Response and Subsequent Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Pediatric Injury Patients
J. Pediatr. Psychol.,
April 1, 2007;
32(3):
309 - 318.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sareen, B. J. Cox, M. B. Stein, T. O. Afifi, C. Fleet, and G. J. G. Asmundson
Physical and Mental Comorbidity, Disability, and Suicidal Behavior Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large Community Sample
Psychosom Med,
April 1, 2007;
69(3):
242 - 248.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Parslow and A. F. Jorm
Pretrauma and Posttrauma Neurocognitive Functioning and PTSD Symptoms in a Community Sample of Young Adults
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2007;
164(3):
509 - 515.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Storr, N. S. Ialongo, J. C. Anthony, and N. Breslau
Childhood Antecedents of Exposure to Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2007;
164(1):
119 - 125.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Ford, P. Stockton, S. Kaltman, and B. L. Green
Disorders of Extreme Stress (DESNOS) Symptoms Are Associated With Type and Severity of Interpersonal Trauma Exposure in a Sample of Healthy Young Women
J Interpers Violence,
November 1, 2006;
21(11):
1399 - 1416.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Breslau, V. C. Lucia, and G. F. Alvarado
Intelligence and Other Predisposing Factors in Exposure to Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Follow-up Study at Age 17 Years.
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
November 1, 2006;
63(11):
1238 - 1245.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jones, R. J. Rona, R. Hooper, and S. Wesseley
The burden of psychological symptoms in UK Armed Forces
Occup. Med.,
August 1, 2006;
56(5):
322 - 328.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. HEPP, A. GAMMA, G. MILOS, D. EICH, V. AJDACIC-GROSS, W. ROSSLER, J. ANGST, and U. SCHNYDER
Inconsistency in reporting potentially traumatic events
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
March 1, 2006;
188(3):
278 - 283.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Breslau, B. A. Reboussin, J. C. Anthony, and C. L. Storr
The Structure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Latent Class Analysis in 2 Community Samples
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
December 1, 2005;
62(12):
1343 - 1351.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Gill, S. L. Szanton, and G. G. Page
Biological Underpinnings of Health Alterations in Women With PTSD: A Sex Disparity
Biol Res Nurs,
July 1, 2005;
7(1):
44 - 54.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.-L. Punamaki, I. H. Komproe, S. Qouta, M. Elmasri, and J. T.V.M. de Jong
The Role of Peritraumatic Dissociation and Gender in the Association Between Trauma and Mental Health in a Palestinian Community Sample
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2005;
162(3):
545 - 551.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kassam-Adams, J. F. Garcia-Espana, J. A. Fein, and F. K. Winston
Heart Rate and Posttraumatic Stress in Injured Children
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
March 1, 2005;
62(3):
335 - 340.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Manne, K. DuHamel, J. Ostroff, S. Parsons, D. R. Martini, S. E. Williams, L. Mee, S. Sexson, J. Austin, J. Difede, et al.
Anxiety, Depressive, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Among Mothers of Pediatric Survivors of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Pediatrics,
June 1, 2004;
113(6):
1700 - 1708.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Dobie, D. R. Kivlahan, C. Maynard, K. R. Bush, T. M. Davis, and K. A. Bradley
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female Veterans: Association With Self-reported Health Problems and Functional Impairment
Arch Intern Med,
February 23, 2004;
164(4):
394 - 400.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Seedat, C. Nyamai, F. Njenga, B. Vythilingum, and D. J. Stein
Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms in urban African schools: Survey in CapeTown and Nairobi
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
February 2, 2004;
184(2):
169 - 175.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J Lang
The self rating inventory for post-traumatic stress disorder may aid diagnosis among older people in the community
Evid. Based Ment. Health,
February 1, 2004;
7(1):
9 - 9.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Sher
Recognizing post-traumatic stress disorder
QJM,
January 1, 2004;
97(1):
1 - 5.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-C. Liao, M.-B. Lee, Y.-J. Lee, and T.-S. Huang
Hyperleptinemia in Subjects With Persistent Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After a Major Earthquake
Psychosom Med,
January 1, 2004;
66(1):
23 - 28.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gurevich, G. M. Devins, C. Wilson, D. McCready, C. R. Marmar, and G. M. Rodin
Stress Response Syndromes in Women Undergoing Mammography: A Comparison of Women With and Without a History of Breast Cancer
Psychosom Med,
January 1, 2004;
66(1):
104 - 112.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Galea, D. Vlahov, H. Resnick, J. Ahern, E. Susser, J. Gold, M. Bucuvalas, and D. Kilpatrick
Trends of Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in New York City after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
September 15, 2003;
158(6):
514 - 524.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Connor and M. I. Butterfield
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
247 - 262.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Moreau and S. Zisook
Rationale for a Posttraumatic Stress Spectrum Disorder
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
265 - 272.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Stein, K. L. Jang, S. Taylor, P. A. Vernon, and W. J. Livesley
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Twin Study
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2002;
159(10):
1675 - 1681.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Mellman, V. Bustamante, A. I. Fins, W. R. Pigeon, and B. Nolan
REM Sleep and the Early Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2002;
159(10):
1696 - 1701.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Landolt, K. Ribi, J. Laimbacher, M. Vollrath, H. E. Gnehm, and F. H. Sennhauser
Brief Report: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents of Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
J. Pediatr. Psychol.,
October 1, 2002;
27(7):
647 - 652.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Stein
A 46-Year-Old Man With Anxiety and Nightmares After a Motor Vehicle Collision
JAMA,
September 25, 2002;
288(12):
1513 - 1521.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gurevich, G. M. Devins, and G. M. Rodin
Stress Response Syndromes and Cancer: Conceptual and Assessment Issues
Psychosomatics,
August 1, 2002;
43(4):
259 - 281.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Schuster, B. D. Stein, L. H. Jaycox, R. L. Collins, G. N. Marshall, M. N. Elliott, A. J. Zhou, D. E. Kanouse, J. L. Morrison, and S. H. Berry
A National Survey of Stress Reactions after the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks
N. Engl. J. Med.,
November 15, 2001;
345(20):
1507 - 1512.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Rosenberg, K. T. Mueser, M. J. Friedman, P. G. Gorman, R. E. Drake, R. M. Vidaver, W. C. Torrey, and M. K. Jankowski
Developing Effective Treatments for Posttraumatic Disorders Among People With Severe Mental Illness
Psychiatr Serv,
November 1, 2001;
52(11):
1453 - 1461.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Ford, K. A. Campbell, D. Storzbach, L. M. Binder, W. K. Anger, and D. S. Rohlman
Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology Is Associated With Unexplained Illness Attributed to Persian Gulf War Military Service
Psychosom Med,
September 1, 2001;
63(5):
842 - 849.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Stein, L. J. Torgrud, and J. R. Walker
Social Phobia Symptoms, Subtypes, and Severity: Findings From a Community Survey
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
November 1, 2000;
57(11):
1046 - 1052.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Post-Traumatic Stress: More Common in Women?
Journal Watch Women's Health,
September 1, 1997;
1997(901):
6 - 6.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1997
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
