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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1081-1088
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
Objective assessment of peritraumatic dissociation: psychophysiological indicators
MG Griffin, PA Resick and MB Mechanic
Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis 63121, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate psychophysiological
changes associated with peritraumatic dissociation in female victims of
recent rape and to assess the relation between these changes and symptoms
of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Eighty-five rape victims
were examined in a laboratory setting within 2 weeks after the rape, and
measures of heart rate, skin conductance, and nonspecific movement were
collected. Self-report indexes of reactions to the trauma and interviews to
assess PTSD symptoms and peritraumatic dissociation were also completed. On
the basis of their scores on the Peritraumatic Dissociation Index, the
subjects were classified as having low or high levels of dissociation.
RESULTS: Items from the index exhibited good internal consistency, and
scores were approximately normally distributed. Individuals in the high
peritraumatic dissociation group showed a significantly different pattern
of physiological responses from those of the low dissociation group. In
general, there was a suppression of autonomic physiological responses in
the high dissociation group. This group also contained a larger proportion
of subjects (94%) identified as meeting PTSD symptom criteria. Also, among
the high dissociation subjects there was a discrepancy between self-reports
of distress and objective physiological indicators of distress in the
laboratory setting. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide preliminary support
for the idea that there is a dissociative subtype of persons with PTSD
symptoms who exhibit diminished physiological reactivity. The results also
underscore the importance of assessing dissociative symptoms in trauma
survivors.
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