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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:858-860
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association


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Unnatural practices, unspeakable actions: a study of delayed auditory feedback in schizophrenia

TE Goldberg, JM Gold, R Coppola and DR Weinberger
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, Washington, DC, USA.

OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that auditory hallucinations and delusions of control in persons with schizophrenia could involve a disconnection between an "intention center" and a "monitoring center." METHOD: To test this model directly, the authors used a delayed auditory feedback paradigm in which the subject hears his or her own speech delayed electronically by a fraction of a second. In normal, subjects this produces dysfluency, which is thought to occur because an expectancy about the perceptual arrival of speech, formed in a monitoring center on the basis of corollary discharge from an intention center, is violated. If, however, a disconnection were present in schizophrenia, such an expectancy would not be formed; hence, less dysfluency should occur. Fifteen patients with chronic schizophrenia (10 of whom experienced auditory hallucinations and/or delusions of control) and 19 normal subjects were studied. RESULTS: Rather than exhibiting less dysfluency than the normal subjects, patients with delusions and/or hallucinations exhibited significantly more dysfluency. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support a cognitive model of disconnection.


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R. E. HOFFMAN and T. H. MCGLASHAN
Drs. Hoffman and McGlashan Reply
Am J Psychiatry, May 1, 1999; 156(5): 806 - 807.
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