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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:819-825
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
Similar extent of brain dysmorphology in severely ill women and men with schizophrenia
J Lauriello, A Hoff, MH Wieneke, H Blankfeld, WO Faustman, M Rosenbloom, S DeMent, EV Sullivan, KO Lim and A Pfefferbaum
Psychiatry Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Calif, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether women with
chronic, severe schizophrenia manifest a widespread deficit in cortical
gray matter and ventricular enlargement similar to that seen in men with
schizophrenia and whether this deficit is related to age at onset of
illness, length of illness, or current illness severity. METHOD: Volumetric
measures of head size, cortical gray matter, white matter and sulci, and
lateral and third ventricles were obtained from magnetic resonance images
of chronic inpatient schizophrenic women (N = 19) and men (N = 18) and
healthy comparison women (N = 19) and men (N = 18). Sex and group
differences were assessed by using a two-factor analysis of variance of
brain measures. Age was entered as a covariate in assessments of
associations between brain measures and age at onset and length of illness.
RESULTS: The schizophrenic patients as a group had less cortical gray
matter but comparable white matter and significantly more lateral and third
ventricular CSF than the comparison group. Compared to the combined groups
of men, women, regardless of diagnosis, had smaller heads, less cortical
gray and white matter, and less sulcal, lateral, and third ventricular CSF.
There were no group-by-sex interactions, suggesting that in schizophrenia
these aspects of gross volumetric morphology in male and female brains are
affected equally. There was no relationship between cortical gray matter
deficit or ventricular enlargements and age at symptom onset or length of
illness in either men or women with schizophrenia, when variance due to age
was accounted for statistically. CONCLUSIONS: The process that contributes
to cortical gray matter deficit in schizophrenia appears to affect men and
women to a similar extent.
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