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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:726-735
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
A neurobiological basis of social attachment
TR Insel
Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. insel@rmy.emory.edu
OBJECTIVE: Although an inability to form normal social attachments
characterizes many forms of psychopathology, there has been little study of
the neural basis of social bond formation. The primary purpose of this
article is to describe a novel approach to the neurobiology of attachment.
METHOD: The author reviews animal research on two closely related
neuropeptides, oxytocin and vasopressin, implicated in the central
mediation of attachment behaviors. These neuropeptides appear to be
important for the initiation of pair bonds and parental behaviors as well
as the infant's response to social separation. RESULTS: Both cellular and
molecular studies have begun to reveal the mechanisms by which oxytocin and
vasopressin neural pathways are regulated, leading to a preliminary
understanding of how these hormones act within the brain to influence
complex social behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Although their function in the human
brain has yet to be demonstrated, the available evidence suggests that
oxytocin and vasopressin may prove to be important in the pathophysiology
of clinical disorders, such as autism, characterized by an inability to
form normal social attachments.
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