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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:661-667
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
Planum temporale asymmetry reversal in schizophrenia: replication and relationship to gray matter abnormalities
PE Barta, GD Pearlson, LB Brill 2nd, R Royall, IK McGilchrist, AE Pulver, RE Powers, MF Casanova, AY Tien, S Frangou and RG Petty
Division of Psychiatric Neuro-Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-7362, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The planum temporale, the posterior superior surface of the
superior temporal gyrus, is a highly lateralized brain structure involved
with language. In schizophrenic patients the authors previously found
consistent reversal of the normal left-larger-than- right asymmetry of
planum temporale surface area. The original subjects plus new patients and
comparison subjects participated in this effort to replicate and extend the
prior study. METHOD: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of 28
schizophrenic patients and 32 group- matched normal subjects was performed.
The authors measured planum temporale surface area, gray matter volume
underlying the planum temporale, and gray matter thickness. Asymmetry
indices for areas and volumes were calculated. RESULTS: Overall gray matter
and total brain volume were not significantly smaller in the patients than
in the comparison subjects. As previously reported, there was striking
reversal of the normal asymmetry for planum temporale surface area in the
male and female schizophrenic subjects. Bilaterally, gray matter volume
beneath the planum temporale was smaller in the schizophrenic patients, and
the gray matter thickness of the right planum temporale was only 50% of the
comparison value. Volume of planum temporale gray matter did not show
significant asymmetry in either group. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends the
finding of reversed planum temporale surface area asymmetry in
schizophrenic patients and clarifies its relationship to underlying gray
matter volume. Although right planum temporale surface area is larger than
normal in schizophrenia, gray matter volume is less than the comparison
value; thus, gray matter thickness is substantially less than normal.
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