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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:363-370
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
Attentional impairments in deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia
RW Buchanan, ME Strauss, A Breier, B Kirkpatrick and WT Carpenter Jr
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Grounds of Spring Grove Hospital, Baltimore 21228, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies of attention/information processing impairments
in schizophrenia suggest that patients with the deficit syndrome should be
characterized by impaired performance on measures of visual information
processing. Therefore, the authors examined whether two measures of visual
information processing, a degraded stimulus version of the continuous
performance test and a forced choice span of apprehension task, were
uniquely related to the deficit syndrome. METHOD: Performance on the
continuous performance test and span of apprehension task was examined in
20 deficit and 56 nondeficit patients with schizophrenia and in 27 subjects
in a normal comparison group. RESULTS: Deficit patients performed
significantly less well than both nondeficit patients and the normal
comparison group on the continuous performance test and span of
apprehension task. There were no significant differences between the
nondeficit patients and the normal group on the continuous performance
test, but nondeficit patients performed significantly less well on the span
of apprehension task than the normal group. Differences between the deficit
and nondeficit patients in performance on the continuous performance test
and span of apprehension task were not related to total scores on the Brief
Psychiatric Rating Scale factor 1 or on the Thought, Language, and
Communication scale or to neuroleptic level. CONCLUSIONS: The results
suggest that deficit patients are uniquely characterized by impaired
performance on the continuous performance test. The deficit patients'
differential performance on the continuous performance test may be related
to either an inability to activate and allocate attention or an impairment
in the perceptual organization of visual information.
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