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Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:330-336
Copyright © 1997 by American Psychiatric Association
Linking combat and physical health: the legacy of World War II in men's lives
GH Elder Jr, MJ Shanahan and EC Clipp
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study investigated the health effects of
experiences during World War II among veterans by examining how well- being
changed across the postwar years and varied by prewar individual
attributes. METHOD: The subjects were men from the Stanford-Terman data
archives who served in World War II and were born before 1925 (N = 328). Of
these veterans, 236 were known to have been overseas during the war, and 64
had remained in the United States; 204 of the men who had been sent
overseas experienced combat. Life history records were used to construct
measures that described physical and emotional health over a range of time
points and intervals in the postwar years. RESULTS: Exposure to combat
predicted that a subject would experience physical decline or death during
the postwar interval from 1945 to 1960, after the effects of self-reported
physical health in 1945 and birth cohort were controlled. Rank and theater
of engagement, however, were of little consequence, either additively or in
interaction with combat. Self-worth before the war did not moderate the
risk of physical decline or death that was associated with combat.
CONCLUSIONS: Combat in World War II predicted that in the 15 years after
the war, a subject would experience physical decline or death. There was no
evidence that the effect of combat was more pronounced among men of
different ranks, theaters of engagement, or levels of self-worth in 1940.
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