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Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:206-212
Copyright © 1996 by American Psychiatric Association
Cerebral blood flow changes in limbic regions induced by unsolvable anagram tasks
F Schneider, RE Gur, A Alavi, ME Seligman, LH Mozley, RJ Smith, PD Mozley and RC Gur
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The study addressed the question of whether unsolvable as
opposed to solvable cognitive problems activate discrete neuronal systems
in the human brain. METHOD: Twelve healthy humans tried to solve unsolvable
anagrams. Solvable anagrams and a resting baseline after each anagram task
served as control conditions in a within- subject design. Activation was
measured with the equilibrium infusion method by using 15O-labeled water
and positron emission tomography, with absolute quantitation of
anatomically defined regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). RESULTS: Compared
to rest, both anagram tasks increased activity in frontal and temporal
regions. The soluble task condition increased hippocampal activation and
decreased mammillary bodies activity, while unsolvable anagrams were
associated with increased CBF to the mamillary bodies and amygdala and
decreased hippocampal activity. CONCLUSIONS: A limbic network integrating
negative emotion and cognition seems reflected in reciprocal diencephalic
and limbic activation with solvable and unsolvable anagrams. Since
unsolvable anagrams have been used to induce learned helplessness in
humans, this finding may provide an initial step toward clarifying its
neural substrate.
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