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Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:1438-1443
Copyright © 1996 by American Psychiatric Association
Longitudinal assessment of symptoms of depression, agitation, and psychosis in 181 patients with Alzheimer's disease
ML Levy, JL Cummings, LA Fairbanks, D Bravi, M Calvani and A Carta
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to define the recurrence or
continuation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's
disease who were observed serially for a 1-year period. METHOD: One hundred
eighty-one patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were assessed five
times at 3-month intervals with a standardized neuropsychiatric rating
instrument. RESULTS: Recurrence rates of neuropsychiatric symptoms during
the 1-year period were 85% for depression, 93% for agitation, and 95% for
psychosis. Symptom frequency at any point in time underestimated the
cumulative 1-year frequency. Recurrence rates were significantly greater
among patients who had multiple symptoms. Women exhibited more symptoms
than men. Patients in the oldest age group (76-87 years) had more
psychosis, less depression and agitation, and slower cognitive decline.
Psychosis was associated with more rapid cognitive decline, and agitation
was associated with more rapid functional deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: These
results indicate that once psychiatric symptoms are present in patients
with Alzheimer's disease, they frequently recur. These symptoms vary with
age, sex, and rate of illness progression.
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