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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1372-1376
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression
FC Raadsheer, JJ van Heerikhuize, PJ Lucassen, WJ Hoogendijk, FJ Tilders and DF Swaab
Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam.
OBJECTIVE: Greater activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
axis is associated with specific neurological and psychiatric disorders,
including Alzheimer's disease and depression. Hyperactivation of
paraventricular corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons may form the
basis of this increased activity of the HPA axis. METHOD: Activation of the
CRH neurons was determined through measurement of the amount of CRH-mRNA in
the paraventricular nucleus by using quantitative, in situ hybridization
histochemistry with systematically sampled frontal sections through the
hypothalamus of routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded autopsy
brain material of 10 comparison subjects, 10 patients with Alzheimer's
disease, and seven depressed patients. RESULTS: CRH-mRNA levels in the
paraventricular nucleus of Alzheimer's patients were markedly higher than
those of comparison subjects, whereas CRH-mRNA levels in the
paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients were even higher than the
levels of Alzheimer's patients. CONCLUSIONS: Paraventricular CRH neurons in
Alzheimer's disease and depression are hyperactivated, and this
hyperactivation may contribute to the etiology of these disorders.
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