|
| | |
|
Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:973-981
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder
JD Bremner, P Randall, TM Scott, RA Bronen, JP Seibyl, SM Southwick, RC Delaney, G McCarthy, DS Charney and RB Innis
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that high levels of
cortisol associated with stress have neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus,
a brain structure involved in memory. The authors previously showed that
patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had
deficits in short-term memory. The purpose of this study was to compare the
hippocampal volume of patients with PTSD to that of subjects without
psychiatric disorder. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to
measure the volume of the hippocampus in 26 Vietnam combat veterans with
PTSD and 22 comparison subjects selected to be similar to the patients in
age, sex, race, years of education, socioeconomic status, body size, and
years of alcohol abuse. RESULTS: The PTSD patients had a statistically
significant 8% smaller right hippocampal volume relative to that of the
comparison subjects, but there was no difference in the volume of other
brain regions (caudate and temporal lobe). Deficits in short-term verbal
memory as measured with the Wechsler Memory Scale were associated with
smaller right hippocampal volume in the PTSD patients only. CONCLUSIONS:
These findings are consistent with a smaller right hippocampal volume in
PTSD that is associated with functional deficits in verbal memory.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. Cromby and D. J. Harper
Paranoia: A Social Account
Theory Psychology,
June 1, 2009;
19(3):
335 - 361.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Spampinato, J. N. Wood, V. De Simone, and J. Grafman
Neural Correlates of Anxiety in Healthy Volunteers: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
May 1, 2009;
21(2):
199 - 205.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Nemeroff, J. D. Bremner, E. B. Foa, H. S. Mayberg, C. S. North, and M. B. Stein
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Science Review
Focus,
April 1, 2009;
7(2):
254 - 273.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. M. McKay and M. D. Kopelman
Psychogenic amnesia: when memory complaints are medically unexplained
Adv. Psychiatr. Treat.,
March 1, 2009;
15(2):
152 - 158.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hart Jr., T. Kimbrell, P. Fauver, B. J. Cherry, J. Pitcock, L. Q. Booe, G. Tillman, and T. W. Freeman
Cognitive Dysfunctions Associated With PTSD: Evidence from World War II Prisoners of War
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
August 1, 2008;
20(3):
309 - 316.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Duncan, Y. Gidron, E. Rabin, L. Gouchberg, A. M. Moser, and J. Kapelushnik
The Effects of Guided Written Disclosure on Psychological Symptoms Among Parents of Children With Cancer
Journal of Family Nursing,
August 1, 2007;
13(3):
370 - 384.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. G. Carrion, C. F. Weems, and A. L. Reiss
Stress Predicts Brain Changes in Children: A Pilot Longitudinal Study on Youth Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Hippocampus
Pediatrics,
March 1, 2007;
119(3):
509 - 516.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Dutton, B. L. Green, S. I. Kaltman, D. M. Roesch, T. A. Zeffiro, and E. D. Krause
Intimate Partner Violence, PTSD, and Adverse Health Outcomes
J Interpers Violence,
July 1, 2006;
21(7):
955 - 968.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Vandervoort and A. Rokach
Posttraumatic Relationship Syndrome: A Case Illustration
Clinical Case Studies,
June 1, 2006;
5(3):
231 - 247.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Keram
Commentary: The Zone of Danger, Physical Impact, and PTSD
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law,
June 1, 2006;
34(2):
200 - 203.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Vermetten, C. Schmahl, S. Lindner, R. J. Loewenstein, and J. D. Bremner
Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in Dissociative Identity Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 2006;
163(4):
630 - 636.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Woodward, D. G. Kaloupek, C. C. Streeter, M. O. Kimble, A. L. Reiss, S. Eliez, L. L. Wald, P. F. Renshaw, B. B. Frederick, B. Lane, et al.
Hippocampal Volume, PTSD, and Alcoholism in Combat Veterans
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 2006;
163(4):
674 - 681.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Lyons, W. S. Kremen, C. Franz, M. D. Grant, H. T. Brenner, C. Boake, and S. Eisen
Vietnam Service, Combat, and Lifetime Educational Attainment: Preliminary Results From the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging
Research on Aging,
January 1, 2006;
28(1):
37 - 55.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Freeman, V. Roca, F. Guggenheim, T. Kimbrell, and W.S.T. Griffin
Neuropsychiatric Associations of Apolipoprotein E Alleles in Subjects With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
November 1, 2005;
17(4):
541 - 543.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Lodygensky, K. Rademaker, S. Zimine, M. Gex-Fabry, A. F. Lieftink, F. Lazeyras, F. Groenendaal, L. S. de Vries, and P. S. Huppi
Structural and Functional Brain Development After Hydrocortisone Treatment for Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease
Pediatrics,
July 1, 2005;
116(1):
1 - 7.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Bevans, A. B. Cerbone, and S. Overstreet
Advances and Future Directions in the Study of Children's Neurobiological Responses to Trauma and Violence Exposure
J Interpers Violence,
April 1, 2005;
20(4):
418 - 425.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. B. MacIntosh and V. E. Whiffen
Twenty Years of Progress in the Study of Trauma
J Interpers Violence,
April 1, 2005;
20(4):
488 - 492.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. N. Abrous, M. Koehl, and M. Le Moal
Adult Neurogenesis: From Precursors to Network and Physiology
Physiol Rev,
April 1, 2005;
85(2):
523 - 569.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. F. Sparr and J. D. Bremner
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Memory: Prescient Medicolegal Testimony at the International War Crimes Tribunal?
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law,
March 1, 2005;
33(1):
71 - 78.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Bremner, T. Mletzko, S. Welter, S. Quinn, C. Williams, M. Brummer, S. Siddiq, L. Reed, C. M. Heim, and C. B. Nemeroff
Effects of phenytoin on memory, cognition and brain structure in post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot study
J Psychopharmacol,
March 1, 2005;
19(2):
159 - 165.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Axelrod, C. A. Morgan III, and S. M. Southwick
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder in Veterans of Operation Desert Storm
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 2005;
162(2):
270 - 275.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Winter and E. Irle
Hippocampal Volume in Adult Burn Patients With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2004;
161(12):
2194 - 2200.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Charney
Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability: Implications for Successful Adaptation to Extreme Stress
Focus,
July 1, 2004;
2(3):
368 - 391.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Cohen, Z. Kaplan, M. Kotler, I. Kouperman, R. Moisa, and N. Grisaru
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2004;
161(3):
515 - 524.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Mortimer, K. M. Gosche, K. P. Riley, W. R. Markesbery, and D. A. Snowdon
Delayed recall, hippocampal volume and Alzheimer neuropathology: Findings from the Nun Study
Neurology,
February 10, 2004;
62(3):
428 - 432.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Charney
Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability: Implications for Successful Adaptation to Extreme Stress
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 2004;
161(2):
195 - 216.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhao, H.-T. Zhang, and J. M. O'Donnell
Antidepressant-Induced Increase in High-Affinity Rolipram Binding Sites in Rat Brain: Dependence on Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Function
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
October 1, 2003;
307(1):
246 - 253.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Raison and A. H. Miller
When Not Enough Is Too Much: The Role of Insufficient Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 2003;
160(9):
1554 - 1565.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Brown, T. Freeman, T. Kimbrell, D. Cardwell, and R. Komoroski
In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Medial Temporal Lobes of Former Prisoners of War With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
August 1, 2003;
15(3):
367 - 370.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yamasue, K. Kasai, A. Iwanami, T. Ohtani, H. Yamada, O. Abe, N. Kuroki, R. Fukuda, M. Tochigi, S. Furukawa, et al.
Voxel-based analysis of MRI reveals anterior cingulate gray-matter volume reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder due to terrorism
PNAS,
July 22, 2003;
100(15):
9039 - 9043.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Connor and M. I. Butterfield
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
247 - 262.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Newport and C. B. Nemeroff
Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
313 - 321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. Blum
Psychic Trauma and Traumatic Object Loss
J Am Psychoanal Assoc,
June 1, 2003;
51(2):
415 - 432.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Bremner, M. Vythilingam, E. Vermetten, S. M. Southwick, T. McGlashan, A. Nazeer, S. Khan, L. V. Vaccarino, R. Soufer, P. K. Garg, et al.
MRI and PET Study of Deficits in Hippocampal Structure and Function in Women With Childhood Sexual Abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 2003;
160(5):
924 - 932.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Vythilingam, C. Heim, J. Newport, A. H. Miller, E. Anderson, R. Bronen, M. Brummer, L. Staib, E. Vermetten, D. S. Charney, et al.
Childhood Trauma Associated With Smaller Hippocampal Volume in Women With Major Depression
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2002;
159(12):
2072 - 2080.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Nakano, M. Wenner, M. Inagaki, A. Kugaya, T. Akechi, Y. Matsuoka, Y. Sugahara, S. Imoto, K. Murakami, and Y. Uchitomi
Relationship Between Distressing Cancer-Related Recollections and Hippocampal Volume in Cancer Survivors
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2002;
159(12):
2087 - 2093.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Golier, R. Yehuda, S. J. Lupien, P. D. Harvey, R. Grossman, and A. Elkin
Memory Performance in Holocaust Survivors With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2002;
159(10):
1682 - 1688.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Lewine, R. J. Thoma, S. L. Provencal, C. Edgar, G. A. Miller, and J. M. Canive
Abnormal Stimulus-Response Intensity Functions in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Electrophysiological Investigation
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2002;
159(10):
1689 - 1695.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L J Abernethy, M Palaniappan, and R W I Cooke
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of very low birth weight
Arch. Dis. Child.,
October 1, 2002;
87(4):
279 - 283.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Stein
A 46-Year-Old Man With Anxiety and Nightmares After a Motor Vehicle Collision
JAMA,
September 25, 2002;
288(12):
1513 - 1521.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Vyas, R. Mitra, B. S. Shankaranarayana Rao, and S. Chattarji
Chronic Stress Induces Contrasting Patterns of Dendritic Remodeling in Hippocampal and Amygdaloid Neurons
J. Neurosci.,
August 1, 2002;
22(15):
6810 - 6818.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. H. Herskovits, J. P. Gerring, C. Davatzikos, and R. N. Bryan
Is the Spatial Distribution of Brain Lesions Associated with Closed-Head Injury in Children Predictive of Subsequent Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?
Radiology,
August 1, 2002;
224(2):
345 - 351.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. HULL
Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
August 1, 2002;
181(2):
102 - 110.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Roca and T. W. Freeman
Psychosensory Symptoms in Combat Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
May 1, 2002;
14(2):
185 - 189.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. SEEDAT, S. D. WESTHUIZEN, M. MATTHEY, and D. J. STEIN
Temporal Lobe Structural Lesion in a Case of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
May 1, 2002;
14(2):
240 - 241.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. COHEN, J. M. PEREL, M. D. DEBELLIS, M. J. FRIEDMAN, and F. W. PUTNAM
Treating Traumatized Children: Clinical Implications of the Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Trauma Violence Abuse,
April 1, 2002;
3(2):
91 - 108.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Lamprecht and M. Sack
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Revisited
Psychosom Med,
March 1, 2002;
64(2):
222 - 237.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Bigler, C. V. Andersob, and D. D. Blatter
Temporal Lobe Morphology in Normal Aging and Traumatic Brain Injury
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.,
February 1, 2002;
23(2):
255 - 266.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Berg
The PTSD Diagnosis: Is It Good for Women?
Affilia,
February 1, 2002;
17(1):
55 - 68.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Lyons, C. Yang, A. M. Sawyer-Glover, M. E. Moseley, and A. F. Schatzberg
Early Life Stress and Inherited Variation in Monkey Hippocampal Volumes
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
December 1, 2001;
58(12):
1145 - 1151.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Duman, J. Malberg, and S. Nakagawa
Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis by Psychotropic Drugs and Stress
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
November 1, 2001;
299(2):
401 - 407.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Mezey and I. Robbins
Usefulness and validity of post-traumatic stress disorder as a psychiatric category
BMJ,
September 8, 2001;
323(7312):
561 - 563.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Bonne, D. Brandes, A. Gilboa, J. M. Gomori, M. E. Shenton, R. K. Pitman, and A. Y. Shalev
Longitudinal MRI Study of Hippocampal Volume in Trauma Survivors With PTSD
Am J Psychiatry,
August 1, 2001;
158(8):
1248 - 1251.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Colchester, D Kingsley, D Lasserson, B Kendall, F Bello, C Rush, T G Stevens, G Goodman, G Heilpern, N Stanhope, et al.
Structural MRI volumetric analysis in patients with organic amnesia, 1: methods and comparative findings across diagnostic groups
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
July 1, 2001;
71(1):
13 - 22.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Mittal, R. Torres, A. Abashidze, and N. Jimerson
Worsening of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms with Cognitive Decline: Case Series
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol,
March 1, 2001;
14(1):
17 - 20.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. de Zulueta and P. Mark
Attachment and Contained Splitting: A Combined Approach of Group and Individual Therapy to the Treatment of Patients Suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder
Group Analysis,
December 1, 2000;
33(4):
486 - 500.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E A MAYER
The neurobiology of stress and gastrointestinal disease
Gut,
December 1, 2000;
47(6):
861 - 869.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Driessen, J. Herrmann, K. Stahl, M. Zwaan, S. Meier, A. Hill, M. Osterheider, and D. Petersen
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumes of the Hippocampus and the Amygdala in Women With Borderline Personality Disorder and Early Traumatization
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
December 1, 2000;
57(12):
1115 - 1122.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Sapolsky
Glucocorticoids and Hippocampal Atrophy in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 2000;
57(10):
925 - 935.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Magarinos and B. S. McEwen
Experimental diabetes in rats causes hippocampal dendritic and synaptic reorganization and increased glucocorticoid reactivity to stress
PNAS,
September 26, 2000;
97(20):
11056 - 11061.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Vasterling, C. Rogers, and E. Kaplan
Qualitative Block Design Analysis in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Assessment,
September 1, 2000;
7(3):
217 - 226.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Sanchez, L. J. Young, P. M. Plotsky, and T. R. Insel
Distribution of Corticosteroid Receptors in the Rhesus Brain: Relative Absence of Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Hippocampal Formation
J. Neurosci.,
June 15, 2000;
20(12):
4657 - 4668.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. De Bellis, D. B. Clark, S. R. Beers, P. H. Soloff, A. M. Boring, J. Hall, A. Kersh, and M. S. Keshavan
Hippocampal Volume in Adolescent-Onset Alcohol Use Disorders
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 2000;
157(5):
737 - 744.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.C. Pruessner, L.M. Li, W. Serles, M. Pruessner, D.L. Collins, N. Kabani, S. Lupien, and A.C. Evans
Volumetry of Hippocampus and Amygdala with High-resolution MRI and Three-dimensional Analysis Software: Minimizing the Discrepancies between Laboratories
Cereb Cortex,
April 1, 2000;
10(4):
433 - 442.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Dietrich
A Review of Visual/Kinesthetic Disassociation in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Disorders: Theory, Efficacy and Practice Recommendations
Traumatology,
January 1, 2000;
6(2):
85 - 107.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Bremner, M. Narayan, E. R. Anderson, L. H. Staib, H. L. Miller, and D. S. Charney
Hippocampal Volume Reduction in Major Depression
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2000;
157(1):
115 - 118.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. I. Sheline, M. Sanghavi, M. A. Mintun, and M. H. Gado
Depression Duration But Not Age Predicts Hippocampal Volume Loss in Medically Healthy Women with Recurrent Major Depression
J. Neurosci.,
June 15, 1999;
19(12):
5034 - 5043.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Agartz, R. Momenan, R. R. Rawlings, M. J. Kerich, and D. W. Hommer
Hippocampal Volume in Patients With Alcohol Dependence
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
April 1, 1999;
56(4):
356 - 363.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Velakoulis, C. Pantelis, P. D. McGorry, P. Dudgeon, W. Brewer, M. Cook, P. Desmond, N. Bridle, P. Tierney, V. Murrie, et al.
Hippocampal Volume in First-Episode Psychoses and Chronic Schizophrenia: A High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
56(2):
133 - 141.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. R. de Kloet, E. Vreugdenhil, M. S. Oitzl, and M. Joëls
Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Balance in Health and Disease
Endocr. Rev.,
June 1, 1998;
19(3):
269 - 301.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Soufer, J. D. Bremner, J. A. Arrighi, I. Cohen, B. L. Zaret, M. M. Burg, and P. Goldman-Rakic
Cerebral cortical hyperactivation in response to mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease
PNAS,
May 26, 1998;
95(11):
6454 - 6459.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Gould, P. Tanapat, B. S. McEwen, G. Flugge, and E. Fuchs
Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress
PNAS,
March 17, 1998;
95(6):
3168 - 3171.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Jenkins, P. J. Langlais, D. Delis, and R. Cohen
Learning and Memory in Rape Victims With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 1998;
155(2):
278 - 279.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Charney, C. Grillon, and J. D. Bremner
Review : The Neurobiological Basis of Anxiety and Fear: Circuits, Mechanisms, and Neurochemical Interactions (Part I
Neuroscientist,
January 1, 1998;
4(1):
35 - 44.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Magarinos, J. M. G. Verdugo, and B. S. McEwen
Chronic stress alters synaptic terminal structure in hippocampus
PNAS,
December 9, 1997;
94(25):
14002 - 14008.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Katzman, R. B. Zipursky, E. K. Lambe, and D. J. Mikulis
A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Changes in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
August 1, 1997;
151(8):
793 - 797.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Duman, G. R. Heninger, and E. J. Nestler
A Molecular and Cellular Theory of Depression
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 1997;
54(7):
597 - 606.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Beck, S. Birnstiel, K. C. Choi, and W. A. Pouliot
Fluoxetine Selectively Alters 5-Hydroxytryptamine1A and gamma -Aminobutyric AcidB Receptor-Mediated Hyperpolarization in Area CA1, but not Area CA3, Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
April 1, 1997;
281(1):
115 - 122.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Yehuda; and R. M. Sapolsky
Stress and Glucocorticoid
Science,
March 14, 1997;
275(5306):
1662 - 1663.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Bremner, R. B. Innis, C. K. Ng, L. H. Staib, R. M. Salomon, R. A. Bronen, J. Duncan, S. M. Southwick, J. H. Krystal, D. Rich, et al.
Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Cerebral Metabolic Correlates of Yohimbine Administration in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
March 1, 1997;
54(3):
246 - 254.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Duman, V. A. Vaidya, M. Nibuya, S. Morinobu, and L. R. Fitzgerald
Review : Stress, Antidepressant Treatments, and Neurotrophic Factors: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms
Neuroscientist,
November 1, 1995;
1(6):
351 - 360.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Young
Reasons and Causes for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Transcultural Psychiatry,
January 1, 1995;
32(3):
287 - 298.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1995
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
