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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:973-981
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder
JD Bremner, P Randall, TM Scott, RA Bronen, JP Seibyl, SM Southwick, RC Delaney, G McCarthy, DS Charney and RB Innis
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that high levels of
cortisol associated with stress have neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus,
a brain structure involved in memory. The authors previously showed that
patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had
deficits in short-term memory. The purpose of this study was to compare the
hippocampal volume of patients with PTSD to that of subjects without
psychiatric disorder. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to
measure the volume of the hippocampus in 26 Vietnam combat veterans with
PTSD and 22 comparison subjects selected to be similar to the patients in
age, sex, race, years of education, socioeconomic status, body size, and
years of alcohol abuse. RESULTS: The PTSD patients had a statistically
significant 8% smaller right hippocampal volume relative to that of the
comparison subjects, but there was no difference in the volume of other
brain regions (caudate and temporal lobe). Deficits in short-term verbal
memory as measured with the Wechsler Memory Scale were associated with
smaller right hippocampal volume in the PTSD patients only. CONCLUSIONS:
These findings are consistent with a smaller right hippocampal volume in
PTSD that is associated with functional deficits in verbal memory.
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R. Soufer, J. D. Bremner, J. A. Arrighi, I. Cohen, B. L. Zaret, M. M. Burg, and P. Goldman-Rakic
Cerebral cortical hyperactivation in response to mental stress in patients with coronary artery disease
PNAS,
May 26, 1998;
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E. Gould, P. Tanapat, B. S. McEwen, G. Flugge, and E. Fuchs
Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress
PNAS,
March 17, 1998;
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3168 - 3171.
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M. A. Jenkins, P. J. Langlais, D. Delis, and R. Cohen
Learning and Memory in Rape Victims With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
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D. S. Charney, C. Grillon, and J. D. Bremner
Review : The Neurobiological Basis of Anxiety and Fear: Circuits, Mechanisms, and Neurochemical Interactions (Part I
Neuroscientist,
January 1, 1998;
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A. M. Magarinos, J. M. G. Verdugo, and B. S. McEwen
Chronic stress alters synaptic terminal structure in hippocampus
PNAS,
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D. K. Katzman, R. B. Zipursky, E. K. Lambe, and D. J. Mikulis
A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Changes in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med,
August 1, 1997;
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R. S. Duman, G. R. Heninger, and E. J. Nestler
A Molecular and Cellular Theory of Depression
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 1997;
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S. G. Beck, S. Birnstiel, K. C. Choi, and W. A. Pouliot
Fluoxetine Selectively Alters 5-Hydroxytryptamine1A and gamma -Aminobutyric AcidB Receptor-Mediated Hyperpolarization in Area CA1, but not Area CA3, Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
April 1, 1997;
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R. Yehuda; and R. M. Sapolsky
Stress and Glucocorticoid
Science,
March 14, 1997;
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J. D. Bremner, R. B. Innis, C. K. Ng, L. H. Staib, R. M. Salomon, R. A. Bronen, J. Duncan, S. M. Southwick, J. H. Krystal, D. Rich, et al.
Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Cerebral Metabolic Correlates of Yohimbine Administration in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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R. S. Duman, V. A. Vaidya, M. Nibuya, S. Morinobu, and L. R. Fitzgerald
Review : Stress, Antidepressant Treatments, and Neurotrophic Factors: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms
Neuroscientist,
November 1, 1995;
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A. Young
Reasons and Causes for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
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January 1, 1995;
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