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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:738-748
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Smaller neuron size in schizophrenia in hippocampal subfields that mediate cortical-hippocampal interactions
SE Arnold, BR Franz, RC Gur, RE Gur, RM Shapiro, PJ Moberg and JQ Trojanowski
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to characterize the hippocampal
formation in patients with schizophrenia by measuring neuron density,
neuron size, and variability of neuronal axis orientation. METHOD: Brain
tissue was obtained at autopsy from 14 prospectively accrued elderly
patients with chronic schizophrenia and 10 age-compatible individuals
without psychiatric disorder. Eight hippocampal regions of interest and two
internal control regions (primary motor and visual cortices) were
identified on Nissl-stained sections. Morphometric measurements were made
without knowledge of diagnosis by means of a computer-based image analysis
system. RESULTS: The patients exhibited smaller neuron size in the
hippocampal regions relative to the control regions, which was significant
only for the subiculum, CA1, and layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Neuron
size in the control regions was nearly identical in the two groups. No
significant differences in neuron density or in variability of neuronal
axis orientation were identified for any region. There was no correlation
between neuron size in any area and several potentially confounding
variables (age, post- mortem interval, neuroleptic exposure, sex, brain
hemisphere studied, duration of illness), with the exception of a negative
correlation with age in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Regression
analyses indicated that the findings could not be attributed to these age
effects. CONCLUSIONS: The subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and CA1 are the
major subfields of the hippocampal region that maintain the afferent and
efferent connections of the hippocampus with widespread cortical and
subcortical targets. The smaller size of neurons in these subfields may
reflect the presence of structural or functional impairments that disrupt
these connections, which in turn could have important behavioral sequelae.
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