|
| | |
|
Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:704-714
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Effects of diagnosis, laterality, and gender on brain morphology in schizophrenia
M Flaum, VW Swayze 2nd, DS O'Leary, WT Yuh, JC Ehrhardt, SV Arndt and NC Andreasen
Department of Psychiatry Administration, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Structural neuroimaging and neuropathological studies have
demonstrated a variety of aspects of brain morphology that appear to
distinguish schizophrenic patients from comparison subjects (diagnostic
effects), a predominance of left-sided pathology (laterality effects), and
a greater likelihood of brain abnormality among males (gender effects).
However, findings have been inconsistent across studies, perhaps reflecting
limited power due to small study group sizes. The goal of this study was to
examine diagnostic, laterality, and gender effects of brain morphology as
assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in a large, carefully evaluated
group of schizophrenic and comparison subjects. METHOD: One hundred two
patients with schizophrenia (DSM-III- R) (70 men and 32 women) and 87
normal comparison subjects, chosen to be equivalent to the patients in
terms of familial socioeconomic background, underwent magnetic resonance
imaging with a 1.5-tesla scanner. All regions of interest were outlined
manually by an experienced technician on all slices in which they were
visualized. Region of interest volumes were compared across groups, and
age, sex, and stature were controlled. RESULTS: Schizophrenic patients were
found to have larger lateral and third ventricles and smaller thalamic,
hippocampal, and superior temporal volumes than comparison subjects. No
significant differences were demonstrated for intracranial, cerebral,
cerebellar, temporal lobe, caudate nuclei, or temporal horn volumes. There
were no significant Laterality by Diagnosis effects and no significant
Gender by Diagnosis effects for any of the regions of interest.
CONCLUSIONS: Many, but not all, of the hypotheses informed by earlier
studies regarding diagnostic effects were confirmed, while hypotheses
regarding gender and laterality interactions with diagnosis were not
supported.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
References
PsychiatryOnline CME,
May 1, 2007;
2007(1):
2 - 2.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Khorram, D. J. Lang, L. C. Kopala, R. A. Vandorpe, Q. Rui, V. M. Goghari, G. N. Smith, and W. G. Honer
Reduced Thalamic Volume in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia After Switching From Typical Antipsychotic Medications to Olanzapine
Am J Psychiatry,
November 1, 2006;
163(11):
2005 - 2007.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sim, I. DeWitt, T. Ditman, M. Zalesak, I. Greenhouse, D. Goff, A. P Weiss, and S. Heckers
Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Volumes in Schizophrenia: A Structural MRI Study
Schizophr Bull,
April 1, 2006;
32(2):
332 - 340.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. McDonald, N. Marshall, P. C. Sham, E. T. Bullmore, K. Schulze, B. Chapple, E. Bramon, F. Filbey, S. Quraishi, M. Walshe, et al.
Regional Brain Morphometry in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Their Unaffected Relatives
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2006;
163(3):
478 - 487.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. S. Voeller
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
J Child Neurol,
October 1, 2004;
19(10):
798 - 814.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Csernansky, M. K. Schindler, N. R. Splinter, L. Wang, M. Gado, L. D. Selemon, D. Rastogi-Cruz, J. A. Posener, P. A. Thompson, and M. I. Miller
Abnormalities of Thalamic Volume and Shape in Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 2004;
161(5):
896 - 902.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mitelman, L. Shihabuddin, A. M. Brickman, E. A. Hazlett, and M. S. Buchsbaum
MRI Assessment of Gray and White Matter Distribution in Brodmann's Areas of the Cortex in Patients With Schizophrenia With Good and Poor Outcomes
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2003;
160(12):
2154 - 2168.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Dickey, R. W. McCarley, M. M. Voglmaier, M. A. Niznikiewicz, L. J. Seidman, S. Demeo, M. Frumin, and M. E. Shenton
An MRI Study of Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume in Women With Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2003;
160(12):
2198 - 2201.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. H. MEADOR-WOODRUFF, S. M. CLINTON, M. BENEYTO, and R. E. McCULLUMSMITH
Molecular Abnormalities of the Glutamate Synapse in the Thalamus in Schizophrenia
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.,
November 1, 2003;
1003(1):
75 - 93.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Okugawa, G. C. Sedvall, and I. Agartz
Smaller Cerebellar Vermis But Not Hemisphere Volumes in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 2003;
160(9):
1614 - 1617.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Keller, F. X. Castellanos, A. C. Vaituzis, N. O. Jeffries, J. N. Giedd, and J. L. Rapoport
Progressive Loss of Cerebellar Volume in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2003;
160(1):
128 - 133.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Bagary, J. Foong, M. Maier, G. duBoulay, G. J. Barker, D. H. Miller, and M. A. Ron
A Magnetization Transfer Analysis of the Thalamus in Schizophrenia
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
November 1, 2002;
14(4):
443 - 448.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Hemby, S. D. Ginsberg, B. Brunk, S. E. Arnold, J. Q. Trojanowski, and J. H. Eberwine
Gene Expression Profile for Schizophrenia: Discrete Neuron Transcription Patterns in the Entorhinal Cortex
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 2002;
59(7):
631 - 640.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. CHANCE, M. M. ESIRI, and T. J. CROW
Amygdala volume in schizophrenia: post-mortem study and review of magnetic resonance imaging findings
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
April 1, 2002;
180(4):
331 - 338.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Goldstein, L. J. Seidman, L. M. O'Brien, N. J. Horton, D. N. Kennedy, N. Makris, V. S. Caviness Jr, S. V. Faraone, and M. T. Tsuang
Impact of Normal Sexual Dimorphisms on Sex Differences in Structural Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
February 1, 2002;
59(2):
154 - 164.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Gilbert, D. R. Rosenberg, K. Harenski, S. Spencer, J. A. Sweeney, and M. S. Keshavan
Thalamic Volumes in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 2001;
158(4):
618 - 624.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Eliez, C. M. Blasey, E. J. Schmitt, C. D. White, D. Hu, and A. L. Reiss
Velocardiofacial Syndrome: Are Structural Changes in the Temporal and Mesial Temporal Regions Related to Schizophrenia?
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2001;
158(3):
447 - 453.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sigmundsson, J. Suckling, M. Maier, S. C.R. Williams, E. T. Bullmore, K. E. Greenwood, R. Fukuda, M. A. Ron, and B. K. Toone
Structural Abnormalities in Frontal, Temporal, and Limbic Regions and Interconnecting White Matter Tracts in Schizophrenic Patients With Prominent Negative Symptoms
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 2001;
158(2):
234 - 243.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Narr, P. M. Thompson, T. Sharma, J. Moussai, C. Zoumalan, J. Rayman, and A. W. Toga
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Gyral Shape and Cortical Surface Asymmetries in Schizophrenia: Gender Effects
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 2001;
158(2):
244 - 255.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Ettinger, X. A. Chitnis, V. Kumari, D. G. Fannon, A. L. Sumich, S. O’Ceallaigh, V. C. Doku, and T. Sharma
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thalamus in First-Episode Psychosis
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2001;
158(1):
116 - 118.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Gur, B. I. Turetsky, P. E. Cowell, C. Finkelman, V. Maany, R. I. Grossman, S. E. Arnold, W. B. Bilker, and R. C. Gur
Temporolimbic Volume Reductions in Schizophrenia
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
August 1, 2000;
57(8):
769 - 775.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Popken, W. E. Bunney Jr., S. G. Potkin, and E. G. Jones
Subnucleus-specific loss of neurons in medial thalamus of schizophrenics
PNAS,
July 19, 2000;
(2000)
150243397.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Hirayasu, R. W. McCarley, D. F. Salisbury, S. Tanaka, J. S. Kwon, M. Frumin, D. Snyderman, D. Yurgelun-Todd, R. Kikinis, F. A. Jolesz, et al.
Planum Temporale and Heschl Gyrus Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of First-Episode Patients
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 2000;
57(7):
692 - 699.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sanfilipo, T. Lafargue, H. Rusinek, L. Arena, C. Loneragan, A. Lautin, D. Feiner, J. Rotrosen, and A. Wolkin
Volumetric Measure of the Frontal and Temporal Lobe Regions in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Negative Symptoms
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
May 1, 2000;
57(5):
471 - 480.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Staal, H. E. Hulshoff Pol, H. G. Schnack, M. L.C. Hoogendoorn, K. Jellema, and R. S. Kahn
Structural Brain Abnormalities in Patients With Schizophrenia and Their Healthy Siblings
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 2000;
157(3):
416 - 421.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. C. Wright, S. Rabe-Hesketh, P. W.R. Woodruff, A. S. David, R. M. Murray, and E. T. Bullmore
Meta-Analysis of Regional Brain Volumes in Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2000;
157(1):
16 - 25.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. McDonald, J. R. Highley, M. A. Walker, B. M. Herron, S. J. Cooper, M. M. Esiri, and T. J. Crow
Anomalous Asymmetry of Fusiform and Parahippocampal Gyrus Gray Matter in Schizophrenia: A Postmortem Study
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2000;
157(1):
40 - 47.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Dickey, M. E. Shenton, Y. Hirayasu, I. Fischer, M. M. Voglmaier, M. A. Niznikiewicz, L. J. Seidman, S. Fraone, and R. W. McCarley
Large CSF Volume Not Attributable to Ventricular Volume in Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2000;
157(1):
48 - 54.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Holinger, M. E. Shenton, C. G. Wible, R. Donnino, R. Kikinis, F. A. Jolesz, and R. W. McCarley
Superior Temporal Gyrus Volume Abnormalities and Thought Disorder in Left-Handed Schizophrenic Men
Am J Psychiatry,
November 1, 1999;
156(11):
1730 - 1735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Hazlett, M. S. Buchsbaum, W. Byne, T.-C. Wei, J. Spiegel-Cohen, C. Geneve, R. Kinderlehrer, M. M. Haznedar, L. Shihabuddin, and L. J. Siever
Three-Dimensional Analysis With MRI and PET of the Size, Shape, and Function of the Thalamus in the Schizophrenia Spectrum
Am J Psychiatry,
August 1, 1999;
156(8):
1190 - 1199.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Levitt, R. W. McCarley, P. G. Nestor, C. Petrescu, R. Donnino, Y. Hirayasu, R. Kikinis, F. A. Jolesz, and M. E. Shenton
Quantitative Volumetric MRI Study of the Cerebellum and Vermis in Schizophrenia: Clinical and Cognitive Correlates
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 1999;
156(7):
1105 - 1107.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I.C. Wright, T. Sharma, Z.R. Ellison, P.K. McGuire, K.J. Friston, M.J. Brammer, R.M. Murray, and E.T. Bullmore
Supra-regional Brain Systems and the Neuropathology of Schizophrenia
Cereb Cortex,
June 1, 1999;
9(4):
366 - 378.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. L. Bryant, R. W. Buchanan, K. Vladar, A. Breier, and M. Rothman
Gender Differences in Temporal Lobe Structures of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Volumetric MRI Study
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 1999;
156(4):
603 - 609.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Harrison
The neuropathology of schizophrenia: A critical review of the data and their interpretation
Brain,
April 1, 1999;
122(4):
593 - 624.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Velakoulis, C. Pantelis, P. D. McGorry, P. Dudgeon, W. Brewer, M. Cook, P. Desmond, N. Bridle, P. Tierney, V. Murrie, et al.
Hippocampal Volume in First-Episode Psychoses and Chronic Schizophrenia: A High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
56(2):
133 - 141.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Kwon, R. W. McCarley, Y. Hirayasu, J. E. Anderson, I. A. Fischer, R. Kikinis, F. A. Jolesz, and M. E. Shenton
Left Planum Temporale Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
56(2):
142 - 148.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Gur, V. Maany, P. D. Mozley, C. Swanson, W. Bilker, and R. C. Gur
Subcortical MRI Volumes in Neuroleptic-Naive and Treated Patients With Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 1998;
155(12):
1711 - 1717.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Staal, H. E. H. Pol, H. Schnack, A. C. van der Schot, and R. S. Kahn
Partial Volume Decrease of the Thalamus in Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 1998;
155(12):
1784 - 1786.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Keshavan, D. Rosenberg, J. A. Sweeney, and J. W. Pettegrew
Decreased Caudate Volume in Neuroleptic-Naive Psychotic Patients
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 1998;
155(6):
774 - 778.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. K. Jacobsen, J. N. Giedd, F. X. Castellanos, A. C. Vaituzis, S. D. Hamburger, S. Kumra, M. C. Lenane, and J. L. Rapoport
Progressive Reduction of Temporal Lobe Structures in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 1998;
155(5):
678 - 685.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Nelson, A. J. Saykin, L. A. Flashman, and H. J. Riordan
Hippocampal Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Meta-analytic Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
May 1, 1998;
55(5):
433 - 440.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Shihabuddin, M. S. Buchsbaum, E. A. Hazlett, M. M. Haznedar, P. D. Harvey, A. Newman, D. B. Schnur, J. Spiegel-Cohen, T. Wei, J. Machac, et al.
Dorsal Striatal Size, Shape, and Metabolic Rate in Never-Medicated and Previously Medicated Schizophrenics Performing a Verbal Learning Task
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
March 1, 1998;
55(3):
235 - 243.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Nopoulos, M. Flaum, and N. C. Andreasen
Sex Differences in Brain Morphology in Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 1997;
154(12):
1648 - 1654.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. K. Jacobsen, J. N. Giedd, P. C. Berquin, A. L. Krain, S. D. Hamburger, S. Kumra, and J. L. Rapoport
Quantitative Morphology of the Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 1997;
154(12):
1663 - 1669.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Popken, W. E. Bunney Jr., S. G. Potkin, and E. G. Jones
Subnucleus-specific loss of neurons in medial thalamus of schizophrenics
PNAS,
August 1, 2000;
97(16):
9276 - 9280.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1995
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
