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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:516-522
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
A 50-year prospective study of the psychological sequelae of World War II combat
KA Lee, GE Vaillant, WC Torrey and GH Elder
Division of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.
OBJECTIVE: The authors took advantage of a 50-year prospective study of
World War II veterans to examine the predictors and correlates of combat
exposure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and trait
neuroticism. METHOD: The subjects were 107 veterans who had been
extensively studied before and immediately after serving overseas in World
War II. All served as members of the study until the present time, and 91
completed questionnaires of both PTSD symptoms and neuroticism. RESULTS: In
this study group, variables associated with positive psychosocial health in
adolescence and at age 65 predicted combat exposure. Combat exposure and
number of physiological symptoms during combat stress--but not during
civilian stress--predicted symptoms of PTSD in 1946 and 1988. Combat
exposure also predicted early death and study attrition. Psychosocial
vulnerability in adolescence and at age 65 and physiological symptoms
during civilian stress--but not during combat stress--predicted trait
neuroticism at age 65. CONCLUSIONS: Combat exposure predicted symptoms of
PTSD but not nonspecific measures of psychopathology. Premorbid
vulnerability predicted subsequent psychopathology but not symptoms of
PTSD.
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