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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1782-1787
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Cerebral glucose metabolism, CSF 5-HIAA levels, and aggressive behavior in rhesus monkeys
D Doudet, D Hommer, JD Higley, PJ Andreason, R Moneman, SJ Suomi and M Linnoila
Laboratory of Cerebral Metabolism, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Considerable evidence suggests that low concentrations of 5-
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in CSF are associated with a history of
aggressive behavior in both human and nonhuman primates. The purpose of
this investigation was to examine the relationships among CSF 5-HIAA
concentration, history of aggressive behavior, and cerebral glucose
metabolism in a group of nonhuman primates whose CSF 5-HIAA had been
sampled several times over the preceding 2 years and whose social behavior
had been observed since birth. METHOD: The subjects were nine adult male
rhesus monkeys studied under isoflurane anesthesia. Cerebral glucose
utilization was measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission
tomography. Aggressiveness ratings were made by a primatologist who had had
frequent contact with the animals over several years. RESULTS: There was a
significant negative correlation between ratings of aggressive behavior and
CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. There was also a negative correlation between
the dose of pentobarbital required to induce anesthesia and level of CSF
5-HIAA. Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between CSF
5-HIAA levels and both whole brain glucose utilization and regional glucose
utilization in the orbital-frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These results
suggest that both increased aggressiveness and low concentrations of CSF
5-HIAA are associated with higher brain glucose metabolism in rhesus
monkeys under standardized anesthesia. Aggressive nonhuman primates with
low CSF 5- HIAA concentrations may have "innate" tolerance toward
functional gamma- aminobutyric acid A receptor agonists such as
pentobarbital, isoflurane, and possibly alcohol.
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