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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1675-1677
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Effect of previous trauma on acute plasma cortisol level following rape
HS Resnick, R Yehuda, RK Pitman and DW Foy
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425-0742, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the relationships among history of previous
assault, severity of rape, acute plasma cortisol level after rape, and
development of rape-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD:
Blood samples were drawn from 37 adult female rape victims within 51 hours
after they had been raped. The subjects were assessed for history of
previous assault and for the presence of PTSD 17-157 days (mean = 90 days)
after the rape. RESULTS: Women with a history of previous assault had a
lower mean acute cortisol level after the rape but a higher probability of
subsequently developing PTSD. A significant interaction between history of
previous assault and the severity of the index rape was observed: only
women who had never been assaulted before had higher cortisol levels
following high-severity rapes (those which included injury or multiple
types of penetration) than low-severity rapes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors
conclude that previous traumatization may attenuate the acute cortisol
response to trauma.
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