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Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1586-1594
Copyright © 1995 by American Psychiatric Association
Psychopathology from adolescence into young adulthood: an 8-year follow- up study
RF Ferdinand and FC Verhulst
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sophia Children's Hospital/Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the stability of behavioral and
emotional problems from adolescence into young adulthood. METHOD: Subjects
from the general population (N = 459), aged 13-16 years, were evaluated
initially with the Child Behavior Checklist (completed by parents) and 8
years later with the Young Adult Self-Report. The scoring format and factor
structure of the two assessment instruments are similar; syndromes
constructed from the two instruments are based on parents', teachers', and
self-report information derived from large clinical samples. Signs of
maladjustment also were assessed at follow- up through interviews. RESULTS:
Of the individuals with total problem scores in the deviant range on the
Child Behavior Checklist, 27.3% had total problem scores in the deviant
range on the Young Adult Self- Report at follow-up. The probability of
having a total problem score in the deviant range at follow-up was raised
7.4-fold by having deviant- range scores on the Child Behavior Checklist
somatic complaints and anxious/depressed syndromes (simultaneously) at the
initial assessment. Referral to mental health services was predicted by
deviant-range scores on the anxious/depressed syndrome, while suicide
attempts were predicted by deviance on the withdrawn syndrome. CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescent problems tended to persist into young adulthood to a moderate
degree. High rates of withdrawal from social contacts, anxiety or
depression, somatic complaints without known medical origin, social
problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior
during adolescence were risk factors for specific types of psychopathology
and maladjustment at 8-year follow-up. The presence of psychopathology in
adolescence should not be regarded as normative.
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