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Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1132-1136
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association
Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect
DP Bernstein, L Fink, L Handelsman, J Foote, M Lovejoy, K Wenzel, E Sapareto and J Ruggiero
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
OBJECTIVE: This report presents initial findings on the reliability and
validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect, the
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. METHOD: Two hundred eighty-six drug- or
alcohol-dependent patients were given the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as
part of a larger test battery, and 40 of these patients were given the
questionnaire again after an interval of 2 to 6 months. Sixty-eight of the
patients were also given a structured interview for child abuse and
neglect, the Childhood Trauma Interview, that was developed by the authors.
RESULTS: Principal-components analysis of responses on the Childhood Trauma
Questionnaire yielded four rotated orthogonal factors: physical and
emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and physical neglect.
Cronbach's alpha for the factors ranged from 0.79 to 0.94, indicating high
internal consistency. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire also demonstrated
good test-retest reliability over a 2- to 6-month interval (intraclass
correlation = 0.88), as well as convergence with the Childhood Trauma
Interview, indicating that patients' reports of child abuse and neglect
based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were highly stable, both over
time and across type of instruments. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide
strong initial support for the reliability and validity of the Childhood
Trauma Questionnaire.
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