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Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:825-835
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association
Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia
SR Marder and RC Meibach
West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, CA 90073.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and
efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenic patients and
determine its optimal dose. METHOD: This double-blind study included 388
schizophrenic patients drawn from 20 sites in the United States. Patients
were randomly assigned to 8 weeks' treatment with placebo, one of four
doses of risperidone (2, 6, 10, or 16 mg), or 20 mg of haloperidol daily.
RESULTS: Clinical improvement (20% reduction in total scores on the
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia) at the study end
point was shown by 35% of the patients receiving 2 mg of risperidone, 57%
receiving 6 mg, 40% receiving 10 mg, and 51% receiving 16 mg; and by 30%
receiving haloperidol and 22% receiving placebo. Statistically significant
differences in clinical improvement were found between 6 and 16 mg of
risperidone versus placebo and versus haloperidol. Positive symptom scores
were significantly lower after 6, 10, and 16 mg of risperidone and 20 mg of
haloperidol than placebo; negative symptom scores, however, were reduced
significantly, compared with placebo, only after 6 and 16 mg of
risperidone. The incidence of extra-pyramidal side effects (measured by the
Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale) was significantly higher in patients
treated with 16 mg of risperidone or 20 mg of haloperidol than placebo. The
results indicate that the optimal daily dose of risperidone for most
schizophrenic patients in this study was 6 mg; this dose was as effective
as 16 mg, and the incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients
receiving 6 mg of risperidone was no higher than that in patients receiving
placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Risperidone is a safe antipsychotic that is effective
against both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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157(9):
1379 - 1389.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. E. Croarkin, K. M. Jacobs, and B. K. Bain
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated With Risperidone Treatment?
Psychosomatics,
August 1, 2000;
41(4):
369 - 370.
[Full Text]
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H. TAKAHASHI
Acute Dystonia Induced by Adding Midodrine, a Selective Alpha 1 Agonist, to Risperidone in a Patient With Catatonic Schizophrenia
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
May 1, 2000;
12(2):
285 - 286.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. Kumar and D. M Malone
Risperidone implicated in the onset of tardive dyskinesia in a young woman
Postgrad. Med. J.,
May 1, 2000;
76(895):
316 - 317.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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J. Windhaber, S. Urbanits, W. Grisold, M. F. Mazurek, and P. I. Rosebush
Neurologic side effects in neuroleptic-naive patients treated with haloperidol or risperidone
Neurology,
April 11, 2000;
54(7):
1542 - 1546.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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L. A Lenert, J. Ziegler, T. Lee, C. Unfred, and R. Mahmoud
The Risks of Multimedia Methods: Effects of Actor's Race and Gender on Preferences for Health States
JAMIA,
March 1, 2000;
7(2):
177 - 185.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. ANANTH, K. BURGOYNE, and S. AQUINO
Meige’s Syndrome Associated With Risperidone Therapy
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2000;
157(1):
149 - 149.
[Full Text]
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G. D. Honey, E. T. Bullmore, W. Soni, M. Varatheesan, S. C. R. Williams, and T. Sharma
Differences in frontal cortical activation by a working memory task after substitution of risperidone for typical antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia
PNAS,
November 9, 1999;
96(23):
13432 - 13437.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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B. W. Palmer, S. C. Heaton, and D. V. Jeste
Older Patients With Schizophrenia: Challenges in the Coming Decades
Psychiatr Serv,
September 1, 1999;
50(9):
1178 - 1183.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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D. A. Wirshing, B. D. Marshall Jr., M. F. Green, J. Mintz, S. R. Marder, and W. C. Wirshing
Risperidone in Treatment-Refractory Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 1999;
156(9):
1374 - 1379.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. P. De Deyn, K. Rabheru, A. Rasmussen, J. P. Bocksberger, P. L. J. Dautzenberg, S. Eriksson, and B. A. Lawlor
A randomized trial of risperidone, placebo, and haloperidol for behavioral symptoms of dementia
Neurology,
September 1, 1999;
53(5):
946 - 946.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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R. R. Conley, R. C. Love, D. L. Kelly, and J. J. Bartko
Rehospitalization Rates of Patients Recently Discharged on a Regimen of Risperidone or Clozapine
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 1999;
156(6):
863 - 868.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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S. Nyberg, B. Eriksson, G. Oxenstierna, C. Halldin, and L. Farde
Suggested Minimal Effective Dose of Risperidone Based on PET-Measured D2 and 5-HT2A Receptor Occupancy in Schizophrenic Patients
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 1999;
156(6):
869 - 875.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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W. T. Carpenter Jr., R. W. Buchanan, B. Kirkpatrick, H. D. Lann, A. F. Breier, and A. T. Summerfelt
Comparative Effectiveness of Fluphenazine Decanoate Injections Every 2 Weeks Versus Every 6 Weeks
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 1999;
156(3):
412 - 418.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. Truffinet, C. A. Tamminga, L. F. Fabre, H. Y. Meltzer, M.-E. Rivière, and C. Papillon-Downey
Placebo-Controlled Study of the D4/5-HT2A Antagonist Fananserin in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 1999;
156(3):
419 - 425.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. I. Rosebush and M. F. Mazurek
Neurologic side effects in neuroleptic-naive patients treated with haloperidol or risperidone
Neurology,
March 1, 1999;
52(4):
782 - 782.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. Kapur, R. B. Zipursky, and G. Remington
Clinical and Theoretical Implications of 5-HT2 and D2 Receptor Occupancy of Clozapine, Risperidone, and Olanzapine in Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
156(2):
286 - 293.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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A. F. Breier, A. K. Malhotra, T.-P. Su, D. A. Pinals, I. Elman, C. M. Adler, R. T. Lafargue, A. Clifton, and D. Pickar
Clozapine and Risperidone in Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects on Symptoms, Parkinsonian Side Effects, and Neuroendocrine Response
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
156(2):
294 - 298.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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H.-Y. Lane, C.-C. Liu, and W.-H. Chang
Risperidone for Exclusively Negative Symptoms
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
156(2):
335 - 335.
[Full Text]
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D.P. Devanand, K. Marder, K. S. Michaels, H. A. Sackeim, K. Bell, M. A. Sullivan, T. B. Cooper, G. H. Pelton, and R. Mayeux
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Comparison Trial of Haloperidol for Psychosis and Disruptive Behaviors in Alzheimer's Disease
Am J Psychiatry,
November 1, 1998;
155(11):
1512 - 1520.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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A. Sipahimalani and P. S. Masand
Olanzapine in the Treatment of Delirium
Psychosomatics,
October 1, 1998;
39(5):
422 - 430.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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B.-C. Ho, P. Nopoulos, M. Flaum, S. Arndt, and N. C. Andreasen
Two-Year Outcome in First-Episode Schizophrenia: Predictive Value of Symptoms for Quality of Life
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 1998;
155(9):
1196 - 1201.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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G. REMINGTON, S. KAPUR, and R. ZIPURSKY
APA Practice Guideline for Schizophrenia: Risperidone Equivalents
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 1998;
155(9):
1301a - 1302.
[Full Text]
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F. L. O'Connor
The Role of Serotonin and Dopamine in Schizophrenia
Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,
August 1, 1998;
4(4):
S30 - S34.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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K. Tugrul
Newer Antipsychotic Agents: Impact on Quality of Life and Alternative Applications
Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association,
August 1, 1998;
4(4):
S35 - S41.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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D. O'Leary
Haloperidol plus amitriptyline was superior to risperidone in a psychotic and depressive syndrome
Evid. Based Ment. Health,
August 1, 1998;
1(3):
85 - 85.
[Full Text]
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A. S. Young, G. Sullivan, M. A. Burnam, and R. H. Brook
Measuring the Quality of Outpatient Treatment for Schizophrenia
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 1998;
55(7):
611 - 617.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. J. McDougle, J. P. Holmes, D. C. Carlson, G. H. Pelton, D. J. Cohen, and L. H. Price
A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Risperidone in Adults With Autistic Disorder and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
July 1, 1998;
55(7):
633 - 641.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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R. L. Binder, D. E. McNiel, and D. A. Sandberg
A Naturalistic Study of Clinical Use of Risperidone
Psychiatr Serv,
April 1, 1998;
49(4):
524 - 526.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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G. Bondolfi, H. Dufour, M. Patris, J. P. May, U. Billeter, C. B. Eap, and P. Baumann
Risperidone Versus Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 1998;
155(4):
499 - 504.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. J. Luchins, D. Klass, P. Hanrahan, R. Malan, and J. Harris
Alteration in the Recommended Dosing Schedule for Risperidone
Am J Psychiatry,
March 1, 1998;
155(3):
365 - 366.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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J. Volavka
Are Medication-Free Periods Necessary for Phase 3 Trials of New Antipsychotic Drugs?
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
March 1, 1998;
55(3):
280 - 281.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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