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Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:413-420
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association
Panic and panic disorder in the United States
WW Eaton, RC Kessler, HU Wittchen and WJ Magee
National Comorbidity Survey, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of
DSM-III-R panic disorder and to describe its correlates. METHOD: The study
was part of the National Comorbidity Survey, the first psychiatric
epidemiologic survey of the entire U.S. population and the first to use
DSM-III-R criteria for diagnosis. The 8,098 survey respondents, aged 15-54
years, were given the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. For
this report, the data on panic were analyzed, and from them the prevalence
of panic disorder and related experiences in the U.S. population was
estimated. RESULTS: About 15% of the survey respondents reported the
occurrence of a panic attack over their lifetimes, and 3% reported a panic
attack in the preceding month. About 1% met the DSM-III-R criteria for
panic disorder in the month preceding the interview. Panic attacks and
panic disorder had a bimodal age distribution and were associated with
female sex and lower educational achievement. Fifty percent of the survey
respondents with panic disorder reported no symptoms of agoraphobia. The
pattern of prevalence of correlated sociodemographic factors was similar
for persons with panic attacks, panic disorder, and panic disorder with
agoraphobia. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no obvious threshold for the
diagnosis of panic disorder. Panic disorder and agoraphobia, although
highly comorbid, also occur separately.
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