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Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:390-396
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association
A longitudinal study of Alzheimer's disease: measurement, rate, and predictors of cognitive deterioration
RG Stern, RC Mohs, M Davidson, J Schmeidler, J Silverman, E Kramer-Ginsberg, T Searcey, L Bierer and KL Davis
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.
OBJECTIVE: This study measured the annual rate of cognitive change in
patients with Alzheimer's disease and determined the effects of clinical
variables on that rate. It also compared the ability of two cognitive
scales to measure change over the entire range of dementia severity.
METHOD: The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale
and the Blessed test for information memory and concentration were given to
111 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 72 nondemented elderly comparison
subjects at 6-month intervals for up to 90 months. Longitudinal changes in
scores on the cognitive subscale were measured with several different
methods of data analysis. RESULTS: For the patients with Alzheimer's
disease, the annual rate of change in cognitive subscale scores showed a
quadratic relationship with dementia severity in which deterioration was
slower for mildly and severely demented patients than for patients with
moderate dementia. Gender, age at onset, and family history of dementia had
no effect on the rate of cognitive deterioration. The comparison group
showed a slight improvement in cognitive performance over time. All data
analytic methods gave similar results. The cognitive subscale of the
Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale was more sensitive to change in both
mild and severe dementia than was the Blessed test. CONCLUSIONS: These
results suggest that cognitive deterioration is slow during the early and
very late stages of Alzheimer's disease and more rapid during the middle
stages. No clinical variables other than degree of cognitive impairment and
previous rate of cognitive decline predicted rate of deterioration. These
results have implications for treatment trials and attempts to identify
subgroups.
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