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Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1662-1668
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association
Psychopathology in male and female intravenous drug users with and without HIV infection
JD Lipsitz, JB Williams, JG Rabkin, RH Remien, M Bradbury, W el Sadr, R Goetz, S Sorrell and JM Gorman
HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York.
OBJECTIVE: The authors report on results of systematic clinical assessment
of psychopathology among HIV-positive and HIV-negative intravenous drug
users. METHOD: As part of a multidisciplinary baseline assessment, 147 male
(85 HIV-positive and 62 HIV-negative) and 76 female (39 HIV-positive and 37
HIV-negative) intravenous drug users were evaluated with the Structural
Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and measures of psychiatric symptom
severity, global functioning, and stress. RESULTS: Prevalence of a
diagnosis of current depression (26%) and severity of depressive and
anxiety symptoms in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects were
greater than in the general community, but not greater than in other
studies of intravenous drug users. HIV- positive men had a higher
prevalence of depressive disorders than HIV- negative men (33% and 16%,
respectively), although this pattern was not found among women (26% and
30%). Diagnosis of depressive disorders and severity of depressive and
anxiety symptoms were associated with a symptom-based measure of HIV
illness stage, but not with indices of immune functioning (CD4+ cell count
and CD4+ cell percent). CONCLUSIONS: Despite selective associations between
HIV illness variables and depression, high rates of depression across HIV
status in this cohort suggest that intravenous drug use and associated
factors are more salient than HIV illness factors in understanding
psychopathology in this population.
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