|
| | |
|
Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:20-26
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association
Effects of clozapine on positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia
A Breier, RW Buchanan, B Kirkpatrick, OR Davis, D Irish, A Summerfelt and WT Carpenter Jr
Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
OBJECTIVE: Clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic with superior efficacy in
severely ill, treatment-resistant inpatients with schizophrenia. To
determine if clozapine's differential efficacy generalizes to less ill,
outpatients populations, the authors examined the effects of clozapine on
positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. METHOD:
Outpatients with schizophrenia who had histories of partial response to
conventional neuroleptics and who had not responded to a prospective 6-week
trial of fluphenazine participated in a 10-week, double-blind,
parallel-groups comparison of clozapine and haloperidol. Thirteen men and
six women were given clozapine, and 15 men and five women were given
haloperidol. Clinical response rates were determined and effects on primary
versus secondary negative symptoms were addressed. Doses of clozapine and
haloperidol at the end of the 10-week trial were 410.5 mg/day (SD = 45.8)
and 24.8 mg/day (SD = 5.5), respectively. RESULTS: Clozapine was superior
to haloperidol for treating positive symptoms. In addition, eight of the
patients given clozapine and only one of the patients given haloperidol
fulfilled clinical responder criteria. Clozapine was also superior to
haloperidol for treating negative symptoms, although these effects were
relatively minor. Negative symptoms were significantly affected in the
subgroup of patients with nondeficit schizophrenia but not in the subgroup
with deficit schizophrenia. Overall, clozapine was well tolerated.
CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine has superior efficacy for treating positive symptoms
in partially responsive outpatients with chronic schizophrenia, suggesting
that it has utility for a broad spectrum of patients with schizophrenia
beyond the most severely ill.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
D. C. Owens
How CATIE brought us back to Kansas: a critical re-evaluation of the concept of atypical antipsychotics and their place in the treatment of schizophrenia
Advan. Psychiatr. Treat.,
January 1, 2008;
14(1):
17 - 28.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Lewis, T. R. E. Barnes, L. Davies, R. M. Murray, G. Dunn, K. P. Hayhurst, A. Markwick, H. Lloyd, and P. B. Jones
Randomized Controlled Trial of Effect of Prescription of Clozapine Versus Other Second-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs in Resistant Schizophrenia
Schizophr Bull,
October 1, 2006;
32(4):
715 - 723.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Kane, S. R. Marder, N. R. Schooler, W. C. Wirshing, D. Umbricht, R. W. Baker, D. A. Wirshing, A. Safferman, R. Ganguli, M. McMeniman, et al.
Clozapine and Haloperidol in Moderately Refractory Schizophrenia: A 6-Month Randomized and Double-blind Comparison
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 2001;
58(10):
965 - 972.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Sernyak, R. Desai, M. Stolar, and R. Rosenheck
Impact of Clozapine on Completed Suicide
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 2001;
158(6):
931 - 937.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Kirkpatrick, R. W. Buchanan, D. E. Ross, and W. T. Carpenter Jr
A Separate Disease Within the Syndrome of Schizophrenia
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
February 1, 2001;
58(2):
165 - 171.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Essock, L. K. Frisman, N. H. Covell, and W. A. Hargreaves
Cost-effectiveness of Clozapine Compared With Conventional Antipsychotic Medication for Patients in State Hospitals
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
October 1, 2000;
57(10):
987 - 994.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Malhotra, N. Gupta, and G. Singh
Clozapine in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: A Report of Five Cases
Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
July 1, 2000;
5(3):
403 - 410.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Ross, B. Kirkpatrick, L. M. Karkowski, R. E. Straub, C. J. MacLean, F. A. O’Neill, A. D. Compton, B. Murphy, D. Walsh, and K. S. Kendler
Sibling Correlation of Deficit Syndrome in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 2000;
157(7):
1071 - 1076.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kopelowicz, R. Zarate, K. Tripodis, V. Gonzalez, and J. Mintz
Differential Efficacy of Olanzapine for Deficit and Nondeficit Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 2000;
157(6):
987 - 993.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sajatovic, C. R. Bingham, D. Garver, L. F. Ramirez, G. Ripper, F. Blow, and L. S. Lehmann
An Assessment of Clinical Practice of Clozapine Therapy for Veterans
Psychiatr Serv,
May 1, 2000;
51(5):
669 - 671.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Dyck, R. A. Short, M. S. Hendryx, D. Norell, M. Myers, T. Patterson, M. G. McDonell, W. D. Voss, and W. R. McFarlane
Management of Negative Symptoms Among Patients With Schizophrenia Attending Multiple-Family Groups
Psychiatr Serv,
April 1, 2000;
51(4):
513 - 519.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Wahlbeck, M. Cheine, A. Essali, and C. Adams
Evidence of Clozapine's Effectiveness in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 1999;
156(7):
990 - 999.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Rafal, M. T. Tsuang, and W. T. Carpenter Jr.
A Dilemma Born of Progress: Switching From Clozapine to a Newer Antipsychotic
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 1999;
156(7):
1086 - 1090.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. REMINGTON, S.-A. CHONG, and S. KAPUR
Distinguishing Change in Primary and Secondary Negative Symptoms
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 1999;
156(6):
974 - 975.
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Breier, A. K. Malhotra, T.-P. Su, D. A. Pinals, I. Elman, C. M. Adler, R. T. Lafargue, A. Clifton, and D. Pickar
Clozapine and Risperidone in Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects on Symptoms, Parkinsonian Side Effects, and Neuroendocrine Response
Am J Psychiatry,
February 1, 1999;
156(2):
294 - 298.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rosenheck, L. Dunn, M. Peszke, J. Cramer, W. Xu, J. Thomas, D. Charney, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Stu
Impact of Clozapine on Negative Symptoms and on the Deficit Syndrome in Refractory Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 1999;
156(1):
88 - 93.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Goff, G. Tsai, J. Levitt, E. Amico, D. Manoach, D. A. Schoenfeld, D. L. Hayden, R. McCarley, and J. T. Coyle
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of D-Cycloserine Added to Conventional Neuroleptics in Patients With Schizophrenia
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
January 1, 1999;
56(1):
21 - 27.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. R. Conley, C. A. Tamminga, J. J. Bartko, C. Richardson, M. Peszke, J. Lingle, J. Hegerty, R. Love, C. Gounaris, and S. Zaremba
Olanzapine Compared With Chlorpromazine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 1998;
155(7):
914 - 920.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Buchanan, A. Breier, B. Kirkpatrick, P. Ball, and W. T. Carpenter Jr.
Positive and Negative Symptom Response to Clozapine in Schizophrenic Patients With and Without the Deficit Syndrome
Am J Psychiatry,
June 1, 1998;
155(6):
751 - 760.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bondolfi, H. Dufour, M. Patris, J. P. May, U. Billeter, C. B. Eap, and P. Baumann
Risperidone Versus Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 1998;
155(4):
499 - 504.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rosenheck, J. Cramer, W. Xu, J. Thomas, W. Henderson, L. Frisman, C. Fye, D. Charney, and The Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Stu
A Comparison of Clozapine and Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Refractory Schizophrenia
N. Engl. J. Med.,
September 18, 1997;
337(12):
809 - 815.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1994
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
