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Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1189-1193
Copyright © 1993 by American Psychiatric Association
Interleukin-1 beta: a putative mediator of HPA axis hyperactivity in major depression?
M Maes, E Bosmans, HY Meltzer, S Scharpe and E Suy
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106.
OBJECTIVE: There is extensive evidence that major depression, and
particularly melancholia, is characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity as well as systemic immune activation,
which may be accompanied by increased interleukin-1 beta production.
Interleukin-1 beta is known to enhance HPA axis activity during an immune
response. This study investigated whether interleukin-1 beta production is
related to HPA axis activity in depressed subjects. METHOD: The subjects
were 28 inpatients with major or minor depression and 10 normal comparison
subjects. The authors measured 1) the subjects' cortisol levels after an
overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and 2)
mitogen-stimulated supernatant interleukin-1 beta production by peripheral
blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS: Statistically significant positive
correlations between interleukin-1 beta production and post-DST cortisol
values were found in the study group as a whole and in the depressed and
normal subgroups separately. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that constituents
of the immune response (such as interleukin-1 beta) in major depression may
contribute to HPA axis hyperfunction in that illness.
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