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Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1030-1036
Copyright © 1993 by American Psychiatric Association
Validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: a multicenter study
EB Carlson, FW Putnam, CA Ross, M Torem, P Coons, DL Dill, RJ Loewenstein and BG Braun
Department of Psychology, Beloit College, WI 53511.
OBJECTIVE: The Dissociative Experiences Scale has proved a reliable and
valid instrument to measure dissociation in many groups, but its capacity
to distinguish patients with multiple personality disorder from patients
with other psychiatric disorders has not yet been conclusively tested.
METHOD: A discriminant analysis was performed to classify 1,051 subjects as
having or not having multiple personality disorder. Another discriminant
analysis was performed on a subgroup of 883 subjects more closely
representing patients in a typical psychiatric facility in terms of base
rates of dissociative disorders. A cutoff score of 30 was also used to
classify subjects, and Bayes's theorem, which allows for the calculation of
the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of a
screening test, was applied. RESULTS: According to discriminant analysis of
the total study group, the scale's sensitivity was 76% and its specificity
was also 76%; according to discriminant analysis of the more representative
subgroup, the scale's sensitivity was 76% and its specificity was 85%. Use
of the cutoff score of 30 produced similar results. Results of the
application of Bayes's theorem showed that 17% of the subjects scoring 30
or higher would actually have multiple personality disorder and 99% of
those scoring less than 30 would not have multiple personality disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the Dissociative Experiences Scale
performs quite well as a screening instrument to identify subjects with
multiple personality disorder. In addition, the consistency of responses to
scale items across centers indicates that the symptoms reported by patients
with multiple personality disorder are highly similar across diverse
geographic centers. This consistency supports the reliability and validity
of the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder across centers.
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