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Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:941-946
Copyright © 1993 by American Psychiatric Association
Vulnerability to psychopathology in nicotine-dependent smokers: an epidemiologic study of young adults
N Breslau, MM Kilbey and P Andreski
Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689.
OBJECTIVE: In a previous article the authors reported associations between
nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in a community sample of
young adults. Increased lifetime rates of major depression and anxiety
disorders were found in persons with DSM-III-R nicotine dependence but not
in nondependent smokers. The purpose of the present study was to examine
the associations of nicotine dependence with four measures of psychologic
vulnerability to nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A randomly
chosen group of 1,007 21- to 30-year-old members of a large health
maintenance organization were interviewed with the National Institute of
Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, revised for DSM-III-R
diagnoses. Self-ratings of neuroticism, negative affect, hopelessness, and
general emotional distress were obtained. RESULTS: Nicotine dependence, but
not nondependent smoking, was associated with higher scores on all four
measures of vulnerability to psychopathology. With one exception the
associations between nicotine dependence and these psychologic measures
remained significant when the variables current smoking status, history of
major depression or anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders,
race, and level of education were controlled; the association of nicotine
dependence with general emotional distress was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Neuroticism and the correlated psychologic vulnerabilities may
commonly predispose to nicotine dependence and major depression or anxiety
disorders.
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