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Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1862-1867
Copyright © 1993 by American Psychiatric Association
Impaired startle prepulse inhibition and habituation in patients with schizotypal personality disorder
KS Cadenhead, MA Geyer and DL Braff
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0603.
OBJECTIVE: Information processing measures that serve as biological markers
for schizophrenia can help to define the boundaries of schizophrenia.
Prepulse inhibition and habituation of the blink reflex component of
startle, which are thought to reflect an individual's ability to screen out
or "gate" irrelevant sensory stimuli, are impaired in patients with
schizophrenia. These deficits in sensorimotor gating and habituation in
schizophrenic patients may lead to sensory overload and, secondarily,
cognitive fragmentation, disorganization, and thought disorder. The goal of
this study was to test two hypotheses: 1) patients with schizotypal
personality disorder would show a loss of sensorimotor gating reflected by
impaired prepulse inhibition of the human startle response and 2) patients
with schizotypal personality disorder would show deficits in startle
habituation consistent with the deficits seen in patients with
schizophrenia. METHOD: Prepulse inhibition and habituation were assessed in
12 men and four women who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizotypal
personality disorder and in 22 normal comparison subjects. RESULTS:
Patients with schizotypal personality disorder had deficits in acoustic
prepulse inhibition and habituation similar to the deficits observed in
patients with schizophrenia. Although there were no differences between
patients with schizotypal personality disorder and normal subjects in
latency from acoustic startle stimuli to response, latency facilitation was
produced by the prepulse in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This pattern of
changes in amplitude and latency of the startle response suggests that
subjects with schizotypal personality disorder perceive the prepulse
stimuli but still demonstrate deficient sensorimotor gating of amplitude.
These findings support the importance of startle prepulse inhibition and
startle habituation as biological markers for schizophrenia spectrum
disorders.
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