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Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1856-1861
Copyright © 1993 by American Psychiatric Association
Normalization of auditory physiology by cigarette smoking in schizophrenic patients
LE Adler, LD Hoffer, A Wiser and R Freedman
Department of Psychiatry, Denver VA Medical Center, CO.
OBJECTIVE: Because many schizophrenic patients are heavy smokers, it has
been suggested that nicotine normalizes some neuronal deficit involved in
their illness. Schizophrenic subjects have various difficulties with
maintenance of attention and selective processing of sensory information.
One defect in sensory gating in schizophrenia has been characterized by
recording auditory evoked potentials. Most normal subjects have a decrease
in the evoked response to the second of two closely paired stimuli, whereas
most schizophrenic subjects do not. The aim of this study was to determine
whether smoking normalizes this deficit in auditory sensory gating in
schizophrenia. METHOD: Changes in auditory sensory gating in response to
smoking cigarettes were studied in 10 smokers without psychiatric illness
and 10 schizophrenic smokers. Both groups were asked to abstain from
smoking from 11:00 p.m. until 8:00 a.m. the next morning, when their
auditory evoked responses to pairs of clicks were recorded. The ability to
gate sensory information is reflected in a decrease in the P50 wave
amplitude in response to the second of the two stimuli. After baseline
recordings, the subjects smoked as much as they wished, and then two
postsmoking recordings were performed. RESULTS: The schizophrenic patients
had a marked but brief improvement in P50 auditory gating immediately after
smoking, whereas P50 gating for the normal smokers was slightly impaired.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that cigarette smoking can transiently
normalize the impairment of auditory sensory gating in schizophrenic
patients.
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