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Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:773-777
Copyright © 1992 by American Psychiatric Association
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with vitamin E
MF Egan, TM Hyde, GW Albers, A Elkashef, RC Alexander, A Reeve, A Blum, RE Saenz and RJ Wyatt
Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIMH, Washington, D.C. 20032.
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), a free-radical scavenger, has been
reported to improve symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. The authors attempted
to replicate this finding under more controlled conditions in a larger
study group. METHOD: Fifteen inpatients and six outpatients with tardive
dyskinesia received up to 1600 IU/day of vitamin E for 6 weeks in a
double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Abnormal Involuntary
Movement Scale (AIMS) examinations of these patients were videotaped and
rated independently by two trained raters. Levels of neuroleptic medication
and vitamin E were measured during both treatment periods. Eighteen
patients who demonstrated high blood levels of vitamin E were included in
the data analysis. RESULTS: Vitamin E levels were significantly higher
while the patients were receiving vitamin E than while they were receiving
placebo. For all 18 patients, there were no significant differences between
AIMS scores after receiving vitamin E and AIMS scores after receiving
placebo. In agreement with previous studies, however, the nine patients who
had had tardive dyskinesia for 5 years or less had significantly lower AIMS
scores after receiving vitamin E than after receiving placebo. There were
no changes in neuroleptic levels during vitamin E treatment. CONCLUSIONS:
Vitamin E had a minor beneficial effect on tardive dyskinesia ratings in a
selected group of patients who had had tardive dyskinesia for 5 years or
less. This effect was not due to an increase in blood levels of neuroleptic
medications.
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