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Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:1536-1540
Copyright © 1991 by American Psychiatric Association
Depression in recently bereaved prepubertal children
RA Weller, EB Weller, MA Fristad and JM Bowes
Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain depressive symptoms
in recently bereaved prepubertal children and compare these symptoms with
those of depressed prepubertal children. METHOD: The subjects were 38
children who had recently experienced the death of one but not both of
their parents. They had to meet strict inclusion criteria so that the
effects of bereavement per se, rather than other significant stressors,
could be assessed. The comparison group consisted of 38 hospitalized,
depressed children individually matched to each bereaved subject for age,
sex, and socioeconomic status. All of the children underwent systematic and
comprehensive evaluation. They and their parents were independently
evaluated by trained interviewers using the parent and child versions of
the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents. Family histories and
basic demographic information were also obtained. RESULTS: The recently
bereaved children endorsed many depressive symptoms. Thirty-seven percent
of them met the DSM-III-R criteria for a major depressive episode. The
depressed children, however, had more depressive symptoms on average than
the bereaved children. The factors associated with increased depressive
symptoms in the bereaved children were 1) the mother as the surviving
parent, 2) preexisting untreated psychiatric disorder in the child, 3)
family history of depression, and 4) high socioeconomic status.
CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of the bereaved children developed the
clinical symptoms of a major depressive episode immediately after the death
of a parent. The relation of these symptoms to the subsequent course of
grief and to major depressive disorder remains unknown and should be
studied further.
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