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Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:106-111
Copyright © 1991 by American Psychiatric Association
Neuropsychological testing of patients with borderline personality disorder
KM O'Leary, P Brouwers, DL Gardner and RW Cowdry
Division of Intramural Research Programs, NIMH, Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032.
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: This study examined whether a battery of
neuropsychological tests could detect cognitive deficits--particularly in
the areas of perception, learning, and memory--in patients with borderline
personality disorder. The test battery was completed by 16 research
outpatients with borderline personality disorder, typified by behavioral
dyscontrol and diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria and the Diagnostic
Interview for Borderline Patients. A comparison group of 16 normal
volunteers also completed the test battery. RESULTS: The performance of the
borderline patients was significantly impaired in comparison with that of
the normal group on memory tests requiring uncued recall of complex,
recently learned material. Cues given on an auditory memory task partially
corrected that deficit. The patients' performance was also significantly
impaired on several visual perceptual tests. These deficits do not appear
to have been attributable to attentional problems, psychomotor impairment,
current major depression, or history of alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS: The
observed difficulties in separating essential from extraneous visual
information and in recalling complex material may be relevant in
understanding some of the clinical features of borderline personality
disorder. The observed memory improvement resulting from cueing suggests
specific strategies that may be used to aid patients' recall of complex
material.
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