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Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:1530-1540
Copyright © 1989 by American Psychiatric Association
Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma
BA van der Kolk and O van der Hart
Massachusetts Mental Health Trauma Clinic, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
In this reappraisal of the work of Pierre Janet at the centenary of the
publication of L'automatisme psychologique, the authors review his
investigations into the mental processes that transform traumatic
experiences into psychopathology. Janet was the first to systematically
study dissociation as the crucial psychological process with which the
organism reacts to overwhelming experiences and show that traumatic
memories may be expressed as sensory perceptions, affect states, and
behavioral reenactments. Janet provided a broad framework that unifies into
a larger perspective the various approaches to psychological functioning
which have developed along independent lines in this century. Today his
integrated approach may help clarify the interrelationships among such
diverse topics as memory processes, state- dependent learning, dissociative
reactions, and posttraumatic psychopathology.
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